chapter 11 - substance use & addictive disorders

Question 1

substance intoxication

Answer 1

a cluster of temporary undesirable behavioral or psychological changes that develop during or shortly after the ingestion of a substance

Question 2

substance use disorder

Answer 2

a pattern of long-term maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought about by repeated use of a substance

Question 3

tolerance

Answer 3

the brain and body’s need for ever larger doses of a drug to produce earlier effects

Question 4

withdrawal

Answer 4

unpleasant, sometimes dangerous reactions that may occur when people who use a drug regularly stop it or reduce the dosage

Question 5

alcohol

Answer 5

any beverage containing ethyl alcohol, including beer, wine, and liquor

Question 6

delirium tremens (DTs)

Answer 6

a dramatic alcohol withdrawal reaction that consists of confusion, clouded consciousness, and visual hallucinations

Question 7

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 7

a cluster of problems in a child, including irregularities in the head and intellectual deficits, caused by excessive alcohol intake during pregnancy

Question 8

sedative-hypnotic drug

Answer 8

a drug used to reduce anxiety and to help people sleep; also called an anxiolytic drug

Question 9

barbiturates

Answer 9

addictive sedative-hypnotic drugs that reduce anxiety and help people sleep

Question 10

benzodiazepines

Answer 10

the most common group of antianxiety drugs; includes Xanax

Question 11

opioid

Answer 11

opium, drugs derived from opium, and similar synthetic drugs

Question 12

opium

Answer 12

a highly addictive substance made from the sap of the opium poppy

Question 13

morphine

Answer 13

a highly addictive substance derived from opium that is particularly effective in relieving pain

Question 14

heroin

Answer 14

one of the most addictive substances derived from opium

Question 15

endorphins

Answer 15

neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and reduce emotional tension

Question 16

cocaine

Answer 16

an addictive stimulant obtained from the coca plant; it is the most powerful natural stimulant known

Question 17

freebasing

Answer 17

a technique for ingesting cocaine in which the pure cocaine basic alkaloid is chemically separated from processed cocaine, vaporized by heat from a flame, and inhaled with a pipe

Question 18

crack

Answer 18

a powerful, ready-to-smoke freebase cocaine

Question 19

amphetamine

Answer 19

a stimulant drug that is manufactured in the laboratory

Question 20

methamphetamine

Answer 20

a powerful amphetamine drug that has surged in popularity in recent years, posing major health and law enforcement problems

Question 21

hallucinogen

Answer 21

a substance that causes powerful changes primarily in sensory perception; also called a psychedelic drug

Question 22

LSD

Answer 22

a hallucinogen derived from ergot alkaloids

Question 23

MDMA

Answer 23

a stimulant drug that also produces hallucinogenic effects and so is typically viewed as a hallucinogenic drug; also called ecstasy

Question 24

cannabis

Answer 24

drugs produced from the varieties of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa; they cause a mixture of hallucinogenic, depressant, and stimulant effects

Question 25

marijuana

Answer 25

one of the cannabis drugs, derived from the buds, leaves, and flowering tops of the hemp plant Cannabis sativa

Question 26

tetrahydrocannibinol (THC)

Answer 26

the main active ingredient of cannabic substances

Question 27

synergistic effect

Answer 27

in pharmacology, an increase of effects that occurs when more than one substance is acting on the body at the same time

Question 28

reward circuit

Answer 28

a dopamine-rich circuit in the brain that produces feelings of pleasure when activated

Question 29

aversion therapy

Answer 29

a treatment in which clients are repeatedly presented with unpleasant stimuli while they are performing undesirable behaviors such as taking a drug

Question 30

relapse-prevention training

Answer 30

an approach to treating alcohol use disorder in which clients are taught to plan ahead and to apply coping strategies in situations that typically trigger excessive drinking

Question 31

detoxification

Answer 31

systematic and medically supervised withdrawal from a drug

Question 32

antagonist drugs

Answer 32

drugs that block or change the effects of an addictive drug

Question 33

naloxone

Answer 33

a widely used opioid antagonist

Question 34

methadone maintenance program

Answer 34

a treatment in which clients are given legally and medically supervised doses of methadone---a heroin substitute---to treat opioid use disorder

Question 35

alcoholics anonymous (AA)

Answer 35

a self-help organization that provides support and guidance for people with alcohol use disorder

Question 36

residential treatment center

Answer 36

a place where people who were formerly addicted to drugs live, work, and socialize in a drug-free environment; also called a therapeutic community

Question 37

gambling disorder

Answer 37

a disorder marked by persistent and recurrent gambling behavior, leading to a range of life problems