Chapter 16 - Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
Describe 5 distinct attributes of adaptive immunity.
- Specificity
- Inducibility
- Clonality
- Unresponsiveness to self
- Memory
Give some examples of ways the adaptive immune response may not be specific to 1 type of pathogen.
If 2 bacteria have similar proteins (maybe from evolution)
Or if bacteria have 2 different proteins, but there are regions that are exactly the same
How do we know that the thymus stops working great with age?
Because T cell immunity goes down, so old people are very susceptible to viruses
Explain the origin and maturation of B and T cells.
B cells originate from the bone marrow AND mature there.
T cells originate in bone marrow but mature in the thymus.
What is lymph?
A watery liquid that is in the lymphatic system which mainly is like blood plasma. Unlike blood, it collects wastes
How are lymph nodes adapted to filter the lymph?
Afferent vessels have a greater cross sectional area than the ones leaving. The result is that lymph moves slower in the nodes
How are lymph nodes structured with respect to the afferent and efferent vessels?
There are numerous afferent vessels emptying into a lymph node, but only 1 or 2 efferent vessels
What are germinal centres and where are they found?
They are the place where clones of B cells replicate
Just on the inside of the capsule of lymph nodes
What are some organs and tissues of the lymph system?
Spleen, lymph nodes, MALT, tonsils
What is the function of the spleen? What is this similar to?
The spleen removes viruses, bacteria, toxins, and other foreign particles from the blood.
This is similar to lymph nodes, except it deals with the blood
It also filters the blood of old RBCs, stores platelets, and stores iron
How are tonsils and MALT similar to lymph nodes and the spleen?
They are like a spleen (or lymph node) without the capsule. They work by physically trapping foreign microbes
What organs do MALT include?
Appendix, lymphoid tissue of the respiratory tract, vagina, urinary bladder, mammary glands, and Peyers Patches.
What are Peyer’s patches?
MALT present in the small intestine
Where are most of the lymphocytes of the body located?
MALT
Where are B lymphocytes found?
Spleen, MALT, lymph nodes
