Chapter 16 A Flashcards
What is immunity?
Long-term resistance to harm from substances.
Immunity can be categorized into specific and non-specific types.
What is the immune system?
A network of defenses designed to detect, identify, and destroy harmful substances.
The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the body from infections.
Define specific immunity.
Cells that are trained to find and attack only certain kinds of pathogens.
Specific immunity involves memory cells that provide long-lasting protection.
Define non-specific immunity.
Not picky about what it defends against.
Non-specific immunity serves as the first line of defense against a wide range of invaders.
What is an example of a non-specific defense?
Skin and mucous membranes.
These barriers prevent pathogens from entering the body.
What is inflammation?
A local response to invaders.
Inflammation helps to isolate and eliminate pathogens.
What role does fever play in the immune response?
Increases the body’s normal temperature to slow the rate of bacteria growth.
Fever is a systemic response that enhances the immune system’s effectiveness.
What are lymphocytes?
A group of special white blood cells involved in specific immune responses.
Lymphocytes are key players in recognizing and responding to pathogens.
What is the function of B-cells?
Produce antibodies.
B-cells are essential for the humoral immune response.
Fill in the blank: _______ are white blood cells that may attack pathogens directly.
T-cells
True or False: Non-specific defenses include the body’s skin and mucous membranes.
True
What are the two main types of immunity?
Active and Passive
Active immunity is a fast-acting defense against pathogens caused by previous infections or vaccinations. Passive immunity involves the introduction of antibodies from outside the body.
Define Active Immunity.
A fast-acting defense against a pathogen caused by a previous infection or vaccination.
Active immunity develops when the immune system is exposed to a pathogen and produces its own antibodies.
Define Passive Immunity.
The introduction of antibodies from outside the body to help defend against a type of pathogen.
Passive immunity provides immediate protection but does not last long, as the body does not produce its own antibodies.
True or False: Active immunity is acquired through direct exposure to pathogens.
True
Active immunity can be acquired through natural infection or vaccination.
