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Minor Surgery > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the space bounded anteriorly by the cornea and posteriorly by the front of the iris?

A

The anterior chamber

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2
Q

Where is aqueous humor found?

A

The anterior chamber

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3
Q

Where is vitreous humor found?

A

The posterior chamber

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4
Q

What is an intrinsic muscle of the eye?

A

The ciliary body

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5
Q

What is the term used to describe the location behind the globe (eye)?

A

Retrobulbar

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6
Q

What is the outer most tunic of the eyeball called?

A

Sclera

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7
Q

What is the space bound by the lens, ciliary body, and the retina?

A

The posterior chamber

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8
Q

what is the innermost tunic of the eye?

A

retina

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9
Q

What regulators the amount of light entering the eye through the pupil?

A

Iris

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10
Q

What movement is the primary function of the lateral rectus muscle?

A

Lateral eye movement

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11
Q

What are located within the upper eyelids?

A

The lacrimal glands

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12
Q

What duct drains into the inferior meatus of the nose?

A

The nasolacrimal duct

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13
Q

What is the mucous membrane covering the eye called?

A

Conjunctiva

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14
Q

What is the iris referred to as?

A

“Rainbow”

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15
Q

What consist of four layers?

A

The cornea

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16
Q

What is the sensory layer of the retina made out of?

A

Photoreceptors

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17
Q

What is a clear fluid produced by the ciliary epithelium and fills the anterior chamber called?

A

Aqueous humor

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18
Q

What is a clear tissue layer overlaying the front of the eyeball? Light enters the eye through this and is refracted (bent), allowing images to be focused on the retina.

A

The cornea

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19
Q

What is a pigmented membrane composed mainly of muscle tissue that surrounds the pupil?

A

The iris

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20
Q

What are some actions of the muscle fibers of the pupil?

A

To close or open (constrict or dilate), to exclude light, and to admit light into the inner eye.

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21
Q

What lies between the posterior lens and retina, is filled with vitreous humor, nourishes the inner tissue layers, provides shape to the posterior globe, and acts as a refractive medium for light?

A

The posterior chamber

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22
Q

What lies directly behind the iris in the anterior chamber?

A

The lens

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23
Q

Kerato

A

The cornea

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24
Q

Globe

A

The eyeball

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25
Q

A small lump on the inner or outer surface of the eyelid caused by an inflammatory reaction of material trapped inside an oil secreting gland is called?

A

Chalazion

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26
Q

What is defines as deviation of the position of the eye?

A

Strabismus

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27
Q

What is an opacity of the crystalline lens is referred to?

A

Cataract

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28
Q

A person who completely lacks cones suffers from?

A

Color blindness

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29
Q

What is a characterized by excess pressure of the aqueous humor?

A

Glaucoma

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30
Q

What is also known as sterile endophthalmitis,
is a sterile noninfectious form of acute inflammation that occurs after eye surgery
(typically cataract surgery). It frequently begins within 24 hours after surgery and is
characterized by decreased vision, significant corneal edema, and moderate to severe
inflammation in the anterior chamber of the eye. It can be a very serious and
sight-threaten ing condition, is thought to be a response to the introduction of a
noninfectious, toxic substance into the anterior segment of the eye during surgery.
Substances that have been implicated include irrigating solutions and other agents
such as anesthetics and antibiotics. This may also be related to the improper
deaning or sterilization of instruments. The perioperative nurse plays a key role in
implementing risk reduction strategies, not only in prevention through the
vigilant implementation of recommended practices for the use, cleaning, disinfection,
and sterilization of equipment and instrumentation, but also in the provision of
effective patient education.

A

Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS)

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31
Q

What is used extensively in the diagnosis and evaluation of
retinal and choroid disease. It delineates areas of abnormality and is essential for
planning laser treatment of retinal vascular disease.

A

Fluorescein

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32
Q

What is use to examine the anterior chamber of the eye?

A

A slit lamp

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33
Q

What is used to remove the recipient cornea during keratoplasty? This is a cutting instrument used to cut a circular piece of tissue.

A

Trephine

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34
Q

What is used intraoperatively to irrigate the cornea?

A

Balanced salt solution (BSS)

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35
Q

What is the action of acetylcholine chloride?

A

To constrict the pupil

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36
Q

What is used to provide a base of support for the artificial eye following an enucleation?

A

Hydroxyapatite

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37
Q

Betamethasone is what kind of agent?

A

Anti-inflammatory

38
Q

Mydriatics and cycloplagic drugs cause pupil ______.

A

Dilation

39
Q

What are used to reduce intraocular pressure? Example?

A

Diuretics. Mannitol

40
Q

Decadron is a common ____.

A

Steroid

41
Q

What is the most common suture needle used for corneal suturing?

A

Spatula micropoint

42
Q

What is the most common suture material used for intraocular lens fixation?

A

Polypropylene

43
Q

What maintains tonsil strength for approximately 10 to 14 days?

A

Chromic suture

44
Q

What are useful is strabismus and conjunctiva operations?

A

The Westcott scissors

45
Q

What is measured with a tonometer prior to any incision?

A

Intraocular pressure

46
Q

What are the sponges of choice in Ophthalmic incision?

A

Weck Sponges

47
Q

What is another name for the traction suture?

A

Bridal

48
Q

What is used to remove a cloudy lens, which obstructs the view of the retina?

A

A fragmatone

49
Q

What are made of lint-free cellulose or similar material? These are
supplied commercially attached to a short plastic rod.

A

Eye sponges

50
Q

What should be handled as little as possible and the points should be
protected from damage?

A

Sutures

51
Q

What is used to coagulate

tissue?

A

Diathermy Probe

52
Q

What is used topically only, never injected;used on the cornea to loosen
epithelium before debridement and on nasal packing to reduce congestion of
mucosa?

A

Cocaine

53
Q

Drugs that dilate the pupil but permit focusing are called?

A

Mydriatics

54
Q

What are drugs that paralyze accommodation and inhibit

fo cusing.

A

Cycloplegics

55
Q

What are two are examples of viscoelastics used for lubrication and
support?

A

Healon and Provisc

56
Q

What on the sterile field must be labeled as soon as they are
received?

A

All drugs

57
Q

During the prep, several drops of what are instilled into the eye
for antibacterial effect?

A

Betadine 10%

58
Q

Who is responsible for verifying that surgery is performed on
the correct patient and correct site.

A

The entire surgical team

59
Q

Shifting the patient immediately after surgery may result an increased
in?

A

Intraocular pressure and eye injury

60
Q

When the surgeon is required to look away from the field, the surgeon loses
concentration and the rhythm of the surgery. To avoid such interruptions, the
scrub should prepare for each step of the procedure. This is done how?

A

Using the proper method while passing instruments reducing the risk of patient injury.

61
Q

What is one method of removing an opaque lens?

A

Phacoemulsification

62
Q

What involves the use of cold?

A

Cryotherapy

63
Q

What process uses ultrasonic energy to fragment a cataract?

A

Phacoemulsification

64
Q

It is important to remove the powder from the gloves prior to performing or
assisting with ophthalmic surgery to prevent?

A

Corneal irritation

65
Q

What is the purpose of placing a traction suture prior to cataract extraction is to?

A

To stabilize the globe

66
Q

What is used for cataract extraction and is

self-sealing?

A

A corneal incision

67
Q

What refers to the removal of a section of the iris to relieve the pressure buildup that occurs in individuals with glaucoma?

A

Iridectomy

68
Q

During what procedure, a patient may receive an injection of intraocular gas to create pressure on the retina while subretinal fluid is reabsorbed and scars
form?

A

A scleral buckle

69
Q

During a scleral buckling, what may be used to secure the buckle in
place?

A

A Watzke sleeve

70
Q

What is a common technique is to produce adhesions between the layers? Neither treatment damages the eye but creates points of scar tissue.

A

Cryotherapy (freezing of the tissue) or diathermy (mild heat created by a diatherm
unit or laser).

71
Q

This is the injection of intraocular gas through a handheld syringe. The gas
in fusion creates pressure on the retina while subretinal fluid is reabso rbed and
scarification takes place. The gases include:

A

SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) and C3F8 (perfluoropropane).

72
Q

Incision into the

iris

A

Iridotomy

73
Q

What is performed to open blocked tear ducts?

A

Lacrimal duct dilation

74
Q

What procedure treats a retinal detachment?

A

The scleral buckle

75
Q

What is performed to establish a new pathway for tear drainage?

A

Dacryocystorhinostomy

76
Q

During extracapsular cataract extractionthe posterior capsule
______.

A

Remains

77
Q

What requires the use of an

ocutome?

A

A Vitrectomy

78
Q

What is indicated for malignant neoplasm, penetrating wounds, and
extensive damage to vision?

A

Enucleation

79
Q

What is performed to create a channel from which the aqueous humor may drain from the anterior chamber for the treatment of glaucoma?

A

Trabeculectomy

80
Q

What is complete removal of the eyeball (globe)? Surgical removal of the
eyeball after the eye muscles and optic nerve have been severed. It is a similar procedure in which the contents of the eye
are removed, leaving the outer shell of the sclera with the muscle attachments intact.

A

Enucleation

81
Q

What is an opaque lens? A condition in which the crystalline lens of the eye or
its capsule, or both, becomes opaque, with consequent loss of vision. Aging is the most common cause of a cataract. Other factors can be involved
induding genetics, trauma, toxins, systemic diseases (such as dialbetes), and certain
medication such as corticosteroids

A

Cataract

82
Q

What muscle surgery is performed to correct deviation of the eye caused
by strabismus? Muscle resection and recession is performed to correct deviation of
the eye caused by strabismus-a condition in which the eye (or eyes) cannot focus on
an object because the muscles lack coordination. The affected muscles are removed and reattached to the proper location.

A

Ophthalmic

83
Q

What is a patch of degenerative elastic tissue that proliferates from the
vascular mass? The lesion begins at the medial canthus and develops laterally.

A

A pterygium

84
Q

What is performed to treat intraocular malignancy, such as retinoblastoma
and melanoma, penetrating ocular wounds, painful blind eye, or an eye that is blind
and painless but disfigured?

A

Enucleation

85
Q

Complete removal of the eyeball. Surgical removal of the eyeball
after the eye muscles and optic nerve have been severed. An implant is inserted to shape the orbital cavity-Performed to treat intraocular malignancy, such as retinoblastoma and melanoma

A

Enucleation

86
Q

What leaves the outer shell of the sclera with its muscle

attachments intact-The removal of the contents of the eye

A

Evisceration

87
Q

What is performed when the sensory layer of the retina becomes separated from the pigment epithelial layer? The surgical goal is to restore the layers to their normal positions and prevent blindness.

A

Scleral buckling surgery

88
Q

What is the removal of the entire eye and orbital contents,

including eyelids, ocular muscles, and orbital fat for treatment of cancer?

A

Orbital exenteration

89
Q

What split-thickness skin graft may be used for dosure-Regional
flaps and composite grafts may be used as well for reconstruction-Removal of the entire contents of the orbit-The removal of the entire eye and orbital contents, including eyelids, ocular muscles, and orbital fat?

A

Exenteration

90
Q 
What procedure (IOL) exposes the patient to risks of infection of the anterior chamber and corruption of the implanted device? Appropriate measures for the circulating nurse and scrub person include managing patient safety needs. Efforts are directed at preventing
foreign substances from being introduced intraocularly. The nursing actions that may ensure this outcome are- The sterile field should be created with lint-free drapes.-Foreign substances must not be introduced intraocularly.-Powder-free gloves should
be worn-If powder-free gloves are not used, gloved hands must be wiped with
moistened gauze sponges to remove starch powder particles before the procedure begins.- Gloved hands should not touch the intraocular tip of the instrument.- Debris should be cleansed from instruments with cellulose sponges.
A

Cataract extraction with implantation of an intraocular lens

91
Q

The sterile field should be created with?

A

Lint-free drapes

92
Q

What is preformed most often commonly to treat hypothyroidism (Graves’ disease). In this disease, the globe is displaced and protrudes anteriorly, preventing the eyelids from closing. Other indications for the orbital decompression are pressure on the optic nerve caused by tumors or swelling.

A

Orbital decompression

Minor Surgery (7 decks)

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