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Minor Surgery > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a continuous tubelike structure that extends the entire length of the trunk?

A

GI tract or alimentary canal

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2
Q

What does the GI tract include?

A

The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine

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3
Q

What does the small intestine include?

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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4
Q

What does the large intestine consist of?

A

Cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, defending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus

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5
Q

What begins at C6 and passes through the neck posterior to the trachea?

A

The esophagus

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6
Q

What consist of an arrangement of muscles, fascial layers, and muscular aponeuroses lined interiorly by peritoneum and exteriorly by skin?

A

The anterolateral abdominal wall

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7
Q

What is formed by the external oblique aponeurosis, and the floor is formed by the transversals aponeurosis and fasciae?

A

The roof of the inguinal canal

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8
Q

What are the muscles, ligaments, and fascia of the inguinal and femoral (groin) region are more complex than?

A

The central and upper abdomen.

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9
Q

What is another name for the Iliac region?

A

The inguinal region

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10
Q

What is a strong serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity?

A

The abdominal peritoneum

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11
Q

What protects the viscera in the abdomen and secrets serous fluid that lubricates the viscera, allowing them to slide over each other easily?

A

Peritoneum

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12
Q

What is a tough fibrous tissue layer between the peritoneum and muscle layers?

A

Fascia

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13
Q

What are the four major sections of the abdomen divides into?

A

Quadrants

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14
Q

What lies directly under the skin? What is is composed of?

A

The subcutaneous layer. Lobulated adipose

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15
Q

What do the walls of the stomach contain?

A

Outer serosa, two inner layers of smooth (involuntary) muscles, and a submucosa lining

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16
Q

What is approximately 9 feet long and connects to the ileum, which is approximately 13.5 feet long?

A

Jejunum

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17
Q

What supplies blood and lymph to the lower sections of the small intestine?

A

A sheet of vascular tissue called the mesentery

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18
Q

What contains the deep gastric vessels laterally, inguinal ligament inferiorly, and rectus abdomens muscle medially?

A

The boundaries of the Hesselbach triangle

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19
Q

What is the distal portion of the sternum?

A

The xiphiod process

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20
Q

What is found medially where abdominal aponeuroses join?

A

The linea alba

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21
Q

What is the name of the long, vertical, traplike muscle of the abdominal wall?

A

The rectus abdominis

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22
Q

What is another name for the alimentary canal?

A

The digestive tract

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23
Q

What is the inner layer of the digestive tract called?

A

Mucosa

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24
Q

Parasympathetic intervention to the stomach is provided by the?

A

Vagus nerve

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25
Q

What are the three portions of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, ileim, and jejunum

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26
Q

What is attached to the cecum?

A

The appendix

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27
Q

What is the function of the omenta?

A

To limit peritoneal infection

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28
Q

What is the outer layer of the digestive tract called?

A

Serosa

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29
Q

What is the function of the colon?

A

To produce vitamin K

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30
Q

What term means difficulty swallowing?

A

Dysphagia

31
Q

What term refers to a mixture of partially digested foods?

A

Chyme

32
Q

What is known as the abdominal peritoneum?

A

Serous membrane

33
Q

What is a tough fibrous tissue layer between the peritoneum and muscle layers?

A

Fascia

34
Q

What is congenital weakness in the inguinal floor called?

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

35
Q

What contains an outer serosa, two inner layers of smooth (involuntary) muscles, and a submucosa lining?

A

The wall of the stomach

36
Q

Pertaining to the outer wall of a cavity or organ?

A

Parietal

37
Q

To make an incision or cut into

A

Lysis

38
Q

Constriction or narrowing of an opening

A

Stenosis

39
Q

The liquid products of digestion taken up by the small intestine

A

Chyle

40
Q

Localized tissue death

A

Necrosis

41
Q

Semifluid contents of the stomach present during digestion of a meal

A

Chyme

42
Q

Abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of fluid containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes

A

Ascites

43
Q

To form a new opening

A

-ostomy

44
Q

Condition involving the ability to stand

A

-stasis

45
Q

To make an incision or cut into

A

-otomy

46
Q

Contraction of smooth muscle; wavelike motion

A

Peristalsis

47
Q

These organs share many similarities. All three are solid organs and very vascular.

A

Liver, pancreases, spleen

48
Q

What is a fixed structure laying transversely behind the stomach in the upper abdomen?

A

The pancreas

49
Q

The head of the pancreas is fixed to the curve of the ____.

A

Duodenum

50
Q

What is approximately 8 to 10 inches long and receives chyme?

A

The duodenum

51
Q

What two structures from the liver drain their contents into this section of the intestine?

A

The pancreatic duct and the common bile duct

52
Q

What tissue changes with development of the individual, hormone changes, pregnancy status, and nutrition state?

A

The breast tissue

53
Q

What is a large, vascular organ that aids in digestion and filtration of toxic substances from the body?

A

The liver

54
Q

The liver is divided into two major sections or lobes; the right and the left, which are separated by the?

A

Falciform ligament

55
Q

What terminates at the sphincter of Oddi?

A

The biliary tract

56
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

To produce bile

57
Q

What is the single largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body?

A

The spleen

58
Q

What is found in the upper right abdominal quadrant?

A

The gallbladder

59
Q

What has both exocrine and endocrine functions?

A

The pancreas

60
Q

What is the largest parenchymal organ in the abdominal cavity?

A

The liver

61
Q

What are responsible for the production of insulin?

A

The beta cells of the islets of Langerhans

62
Q

What are the flow of food and liquids from the stomach to small intestine controlled by?

A

The pyloric sphincter

63
Q

What are sections of the small bowel suspended from the abdominal wall by a sheet of vascular tissue called the mesentery?

A

The jejunum and the ileum

64
Q

What is the firm connective tissue that covers and protects the livers surface?

A

The Glissons capsule

65
Q

What vein is transverse to the liver?

A

The portal vein

66
Q

What are the two major blood vessels that supply the spleen?

A

The splenic vein and splenic artery

67
Q

What contains lymphocytes and macrophages?

A

The white pulp in the spleen

68
Q

What contains haustra?

A

The transverse colon

69
Q

What is a common place for cystic calculi?

A

The Hartmans pouch

70
Q

Whats another name for the greater omentum?

A

Fatty apron

71
Q

Where does the appendix derive its blood supply from?

A

The appendiceal artery in the mesoappendix

72
Q

What extend from the second to sixth rib horizontally and from the lateral edge of the sternum to the anterior axillary line?

A

The breast

73
Q

Who needs further medical treatment may opt to have an implanted venous access port placed under the skin in either the chest, the abdomen, or the upper arm?

A

A breast cancer patient

74
Q

What has a soft, pliable plastic catheter that is threaded into the subclavian vein or right atrium by way of the subclavian or internal jugular vein under x-ray?

A

The port (Talias port system)

Minor Surgery (7 decks)

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