Chapter 16 Flashcards
1) There is more plasma than cells in the blood of most people; T/F
1)T
2) What is the main ingredient in plasma?
2)water
3) What ions are dissolved in plasma?
3)Salt, sugar
4) What organic molecule are found in the plasma?
4)Plasma protein, antibodies,urea,clotting proteins
5) What is the most abundant dissolved gas in the blood? Why?
5) Nitrogen (N2), because it an abundant amount that we breathe bs
6) What is the scientific name for RBCs?
6) Erythrocytes
7) What is the scientific name for WBCs?
7) Leukocytes
8) What is the main function of RBCs?
8) Carry oxygen
9) What two things increase as the number of RBCs in blood increases?
9) viscoity, oxygen carrying capacity, hematocrit
10) What is the main function of most WBCs?
10)fight disease
11) What are the cellular elements that assist in the clotting of the blood?
11) (Thrombocytes)
12) What is the scientific name for blood clotting?
12)coagulation
13) What type of WBC engulfs and ingests foreign particles?
13)Phagocytes
14) What are the two most common pathogen types destroyed by phagocytes?
14) bacteria , virus
15) What type of WBC is responsible for immune responses against invaders?
15) lymphocytes
16)What is another name for lymphocyte
16)immunocytes
18)You and I could do an effective job of determining the differential white cell count tomorrow if we had the correct equipment T/F
18)T
19)What must you do to WBC before you can see them on a slide
19) Dyed
20)What term means the synthesis of new blood cells
20)hematopoiesis
21)Where does hematopoiesis occur before you are born
21)liver, and spleen
22)Where does hematopoiesis occur after you are born
22)Bone marrow
23)How can you distinguish bone marrow that is actively producing RBC?
23) Red
24)What two hormones controls RBC synthesis
24) CSF, interleukin
26)What is the scientific name for RBC synthesis
26) erythrocytes
25) What hormone controls RBC synthesis
25) Erythropoitein
27)What does TPO stand for? What does it do?
27) Thrombopoietien, it controls platelet production
28) The reason that more WBCs are produced than RBCs in a given time period is that there are more WBCs than RBCs; T/F
28)F
29)How long (approx) do most RBC live
29) 120 Days / 4 mon.
30)The reason that RBC are produced are produced in such large numbers is that they have such a short life spam T/F
30) F
31)What is the ratio of red cells to plasma
31) Hematocrit
32)RBC must be very small for a variety of reason. Name them.
32) to fit through capillaries (can fold to fit through some )
- must be full of hemoglobin for oxygen
- cant carry out metablisim or repair
33)What organelle are RBC lacking
33)nucleus
34)Hemoglobin is composed of how many polypeptide subunits
34) composed of four
- each contains a heme group that has an ion atom
- The oxygen attaches to the iron atom
36)What is the name of the molecule found in center of each hemoglobin polypetitide chain that contains an atom of iron
36) Heme group
37)What does the iron do for hemoglobin
37) where oxygen attaches to the iron atom
38)The lack of hemoglobin leads to what condition
38) Anemia.
39)The lack of iron is the only cause of anemia T/F
39) F
40) Where are RBC recycled in most people
40) Spleen.
41) All hemoglobin is converted in bilirubin; T/F
41) F
42)Non recycled hemoglobin is converted into
42) Bilirubin.
43) Bilirubin is what gives what material its green color
43) Bile.
44)Higher than normal levels of bilirubin lead to a conduction called
44) Jaundice.
45)Jaundice is diagnosed most often by
45) Higher than normal levels of bilirubin.*
46)What causes jaundice
46) Higher than normal levels of bilirubin due to liver disease (yellow skin and sclera).*
47)What are the symptoms of anemia
47) Weakness and low stamina.
48)What are the causes of anemia
48) Blood loss, cells rupture early, and defective RBC or hemoglobin synthesis.
49)What is the catch 22 of coagulation
49)When you have a blood vessel that is damaged the body must prevent the loss of blood
50)What happen if a blood vessel is blocked while repair is underway
50) The blood vessel cannot be blocked while the repair is underway.*
51) What makes it necessary for the patch to be strong
51) Prevent leakage.
52) What are the 3 basic steps of coagulation
52) Pressure must be reduced long enough to seal vessel with clot, Body repair mechanisms take over, and as wound heals, enzymes dissolve clot.
53) What are cellular fragments of megakaryocytes produced in the bone marrow
53) Platelets (Thrombocytes).
54)Which of the following is not one of the characteristic of platelets
54) Smaller than RBCs, Colorless, No nucleus, and cytoplasm contains clotting proteins.
56)What is the process of keeping the blood within a damaged blood vessel
56) Hemostasis*
57)What effect does vasoconstriction have on the process of hemostasis
57) reduce blood flow pressure assistant in process
58)The initial platelet plug is only a temporary solution to blood loss until other process begin T/F
58) T*
59)what do platelet stick to normally
59) Exposed collagen.
60)What would happen if platelets begin to stick to endothelial cells in non damaged blood vessels
60) the formation of a plaque from cholesterol platelet in heart
61) Where would this (above) be the greatest problem
61) In the heart due to cholesterol platelet
62)Chemicals that activate platelets are called
62) Cytokines.
63)What happens as a result of cytokine production by damaged tissues
63) More platelets aggregate.
65) What is a series of enzymatic reaction that ends with the formation of a protein fiber mesh
65) Hemostatisis /coagulation.cascade/ blood clotting
66)What are the two pathways to coagulation
66) Intrinsic extrinsic.*
67)Which pathway to coagulation uses preexisting proteins exposed to collagen fibers
67) Intrinsic.
68)Which coagulation pathway uses damaged tissues that produce tissue factor
68) Extrinsic.
69)What is the name of the tissue factor rebased by damaged tissue (that enhance coagulation)
69) Thromboplastin.
70)Both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of coagulation stimulate thrombin to become prothrombin T/F
70) F*
71)What is the name of the inactive soluble protein that is converted into a meshwork of fibers by thrombin
71) Fibrinogen.
72) What is the name of the enzyme that activates/converts fibrinogen into fibrin?
72) Thrombin.
73)What happens when fibrinogen is converted into fibrin
73) Fibrin forms the web like mesh that hold the platelets in place until tissue heals.
74)What is the genetic inability to clot blood
74) Hemophilia.
75)What is a Key problem of the coagulation system In cardiovascular disease
75) Clots block undamaged blood vessels.
76)What helps prevents unnecessary coagulation
76) Anticoagulation (blood thinners/aspirin)
77)What class of drugs is introduced into a patient suspected of having thrombosis
77) Clot busters
78)What is the process of breaking down clots fibers called
78) Speed fibrinolysis.
79)What effect do clots busting drugs have on those people who take them in emergency situations
79) Prevent further clotting.
