Chapter 16

Question 1

What does CRT stand for

Answer 1

Cathode ray tubes

Question 2

How do cathode ray tubes work

Answer 2

Electrons start flowing flowing to the positively charged side/rod. When they hit the metal it completes a D.C. circuit some electrons however miss the rod and hit a photochemical coating and the electrons make the coating glow and the target casts a shadow

Question 3

What would happen if a high energy generator to power the cathode ray tubes

Answer 3

X-rays would come off the target you could angle the tweeter do it shoots the X-rays in different directions. This is the basis of X-rays

Question 4

Diodes

Answer 4

Produces radio waves and static

Question 5

Triode

Answer 5

Developed into Morse code when you turn it on or off it sends signals. It has 3 electrodes and a small charge you can start or stop the flow with the 3rd middle triode

Question 6

Why re cathode ray tubes an old things of the past

Answer 6

Semiconductors

Question 7

NPN JUNCTIONS

Answer 7

One way bridge description of transistors

Question 8

NPN junctions became what

Answer 8

Language binary code of all computers (0 and 1 or on/off)

Question 9

How do you create messages

Answer 9

If you have millions of some on some off junctions you can creat messages

Question 10

Millions of junctions

Answer 10

Processes

Question 11

Every letter we type is translated

Answer 11

To a series of 0s and 1s

Question 12

Inventor of silicon chip transistor

Answer 12

Bell Labs

Question 13

Light emitting diodes

Answer 13

LED transistors that create resistance and put out light

Question 14

Photovoltaic solar cells are put on what kind of fields

Answer 14

Brown fields

Question 15

What are photovoltaic cells made of and why

Answer 15

Silicon crystals bc when sun hits the silicon atoms an electron is kicked off

Question 16

Explain how integrated circuits are made

Answer 16

Ovens make pure silicon by melting silicon. It condenses and forms a huge crystal they cut the crystal into silicon wafers. The process is mostly robotic so humans don’t deposit dust. A gigantic photograph is minimized and projected onto the silicon the silicon is coated with chemicals called a photo mask that react when light hits them. Lasers carve they rinse and repeat

Question 17

Transistors

Answer 17

Structures of Silicon lasers carve

Question 18

Texas instrument

Answer 18

The ones who created the first calculators with integrated circuit chips

Question 19

Where do they integrated circuit chips

Answer 19

Class one clean rooms so no dust comes in no dust can be in pure Sì

Question 20

Moore’s Law

Answer 20

About two years you can double the number of transistors on the same size integrated

Question 21

Double the transistors

Answer 21

Double the speed the computer runs

Question 22

Charles Babbage

Answer 22

1st to design me mechanical calculators like the adding machine

Question 23

Slide rule

Answer 23

3 pieces of bamboo that slide back and forth and could calculate to three decimal points

Question 24

ENIAC

Answer 24

1946, first computer.
Purpose= to do calculations to find out if nuclear weapons were possible. Huge very basic with 5000 calculations per sec
It had no way to store information

Question 25

What made the first computer possible

Answer 25

The deforest triode tube

Question 26

UNIVAC

Answer 26

Computer like ENIAC but could store information on big magnetised tapes 1950s

Question 27

Bit

Answer 27

Either a 0 or 1 Binary digIT

Question 28

Byte

Answer 28

8 digits has up to 256 possibilities

Question 29

Kilobyte

Answer 29

1024 bytes

Question 30

Megabyte

Answer 30

1,048,576 bytes

Question 31

ASCII

Answer 31

1st programming language

Question 32

C++

Answer 32

Most common programming language used today very sophisticated

Question 33

Why is it cheaper to make desktops rather than laptops

Answer 33

It costs more to make everything smaller

Question 34

ROM

Answer 34

Read only memory permanent memory

Question 35

RAM

Answer 35

Random access memory temporary memory
Computer uses it to hole info while it’s processing
Has gold on it so it doesn’t oxidize

Question 36

What is the battery in a computer used for

Answer 36

Maintaining clock and time and basic info for computer

Question 37

What is the power supply in PC

Answer 37

Step down transformer goes from 120 V to 12-24 V there is a fan to cool it

Question 38

Hard drive

Answer 38

Magnetized to hold permanent info can be replaced

Question 39

Flash Drives

Answer 39

Typically 120 MB they are a good way to back up info

Question 40

Server cited computing

Answer 40

Aka cloud computing. A company on the internet backs up info for you advantages are you won’t lose info if a fire occurs at your house it’s an easy way to back up and computers don’t have to be as powerful but there’s no privacy

Question 41

Client cited computing

Answer 41

Computer does all backing up

Question 42

Redundant servers

Answer 42

They’re saving info at two separate locations for you in case something happens to the one location with your info

Question 43

Input devices

Answer 43

Keyboard, mouse, microphones =primary ways to input info into computer

Question 44

Output devices

Answer 44

Monitors and speakers; the way to receive information

Question 45

LAN

Answer 45

Local area network

Question 46

WAN

Answer 46

Wide area network

Question 47

Mainframe computers

Answer 47

Large versions of computers they can process faster and have much more memory

Question 48

Who started the internet

Answer 48

A US government agency called DARPA IN the 1980s

Question 49

Supercomputers

Answer 49

Essentially a lot of mainframe computers that dispense info to cell phones and computers