Chapter 16

Question 1

The cognitive domain includes:

a. Changes in attitudes and the development of values
b. The performance of skills
c. Memory, recognition, understanding, reasoning, and problem solving
d. Memorization of one set of skills before moving on to the next

Answer 1

ANS: C

The cognitive domain includes memory, recognition, understanding, reasoning, and problem solving.

Question 2

What is the purpose of providing education across the three levels of prevention? Education:

a. Enables clients to attain optimal health
b. Identifies and treats health problems early to eliminate disability
c. Enables populations to break into individuals
d. Teaches people about Healthy People 2010

Answer 2

ANS: A
Health education enables clients to attain optimal health, prevent health problems, and identify and treat health problems early to minimize disability. Elimination of a disability may not be possible.

Question 3

A nurse is teaching a client about how to complete a dressing change of a wound. The nurse knows that what conditions must be met before learning will occur?

a. Must be able to memorize the instructions, relay this information to a partner, and demonstrate the dressing change
b. Must master the dressing change at the time it is taught, repeat the demonstration for the nurse, and teach another person
c. Must be able to speak the language of the nurse, have time to practice the dressing change, and master the dressing change in a short time
d. Must have the necessary ability, a sensory image of how to carry out the dressing change, and an opportunity to practice the dressing change

Answer 3

ANS: D
Before psychomotor learning occurs, the learner must have the necessary ability, a sensory image of how to carry out the skill, and an opportunity to practice the skill.

Question 4

A health educator trying to change a client’s attitudes about smoking would be using which of the following domains?

a. Cognitive
b. Affective
c. Psychomotor
d. Developmental

Answer 4

ANS: B
The affective domain is used to attempt to influence what individuals, families, communities, and populations feel, think, and value.

Question 5

Which of the following domains would be used to teach a new diabetic how to give an insulin injection?

a. Developmental
b. Cognitive
c. Affective
d. Psychomotor

Answer 5

ANS: D
The psychomotor domain includes the performance of tasks that require some degree of neuromuscular coordination and emphasizes motor skills.

Question 6

Which format would be most appropriate for teaching a group of nursing students who are learning to give injections?

a. Demonstration
b. Health fair
c. Lecture
d. Non–native language session

Answer 6

ANS: A
Demonstration also includes return demonstration. Giving injections can best be learned by seeing the behavior being done.

Question 7

Which statement about education is true?

a. It emphasizes the provider of knowledge and skills.
b. It emphasizes the recipient of knowledge and skills.
c. It is a process of gaining knowledge and expertise.
d. It results in behavioral change.

Answer 7

ANS: A

Education is the establishment and arrangement of events to facilitate learning.

Question 8

Which core competency of communication is used by nurses engaged in group work?

a. Soliciting input from individuals and organizations
b. Using simple language when presenting information
c. Asking the group to develop the program of interest
d. Presenting material to lay audiences only

Answer 8

ANS: A

Soliciting input from individuals and organizations is a communication competency.

Question 9

When implementing a community health education program, which educational principle will the nurse use as a guide?

a. Refer to trustworthy sources
b. Use an active voice
c. Create the best learning environment
d. Accentuate the positive

Answer 9

ANS: C

The environment must be conducive to learning for educational programs to be effective.

Question 10

Nurses who use Healthy People 2020 as a guide for education:

a. Focus on avoiding cigarette smoking and using alcohol in moderation
b. Educate clients using primary and secondary levels of prevention
c. Use Bloom’s taxonomy when planning educational objectives
d. Design health fairs aimed at individuals

Answer 10

ANS: B
Healthy People 2020 focuses on primary and secondary prevention. Understanding the three learning domains is crucial in providing effective health care.

Question 11

A nurse is implementing an educational program about the importance of being physically active. Which step would the nurse complete first?

a. Provide learning guidance
b. Present the stimulus
c. Gain the learner’s attention
d. Ask learners to recall prior learning

Answer 11

ANS: C

Gaining the learner’s attention must happen first before learning can take place.

Question 12

A potential barrier that a nurse may experience when in the educator role is:

a. Working with clients with a low literacy level
b. Memorizing the information that is to be taught
c. Having a limited vocabulary
d. Lacking knowledge about how to gain participation

Answer 12

ANS: D
Educators may lack knowledge about how to gain participation. Participation can be fostered by asking open-ended questions, inviting participation, and planning small-group activities whereby a person responds based on the group rather than presenting his own information.

Question 13

After evaluating learning needs, what is the next step the nurse should take in developing an educational program?

a. Consider any potential barriers to learning.
b. Establish goals and objectives for the program.
c. Select appropriate materials for the program.
d. Assess the dynamics of the group.

Answer 13

ANS: B

Instructional objectives need to be evaluated before a teaching program is designed.

Question 14

Which behavior would the nurse anticipate when working with an individual with low literacy?

a. Asking for additional clarification of materials
b. Requesting to read the information later
c. Having a high level of motivation
d. Being overly dependent on others

Answer 14

ANS: B
Individuals with a limited literacy may have a limited vocabulary and general knowledge and do not ask for clarification. They may focus on details and deal in literal or concrete concepts versus abstract concepts. They may select responses on a survey without necessarily understanding them and may be unable to understand math. They may have a low motivation to engage in learning or may drop subtle clues that they cannot read by stating they will look at information later or take it home.

Question 15

A nurse prepares for a presentation to a group of adults using strategies appropriate for adult learning. This concept is called:

a. Authoritarianism
b. Learning style
c. Pedagogy
d. Andragogy

Answer 15

ANS: D

Andragogy is a term and model developed by Malcolm Knowles to describe learning strategies for adult learners.

Question 16

A nurse is teaching a postpartum mother how to breastfeed her infant. The nurse notes that the mother is alert and agrees that breastfeeding is important to her and beneficial to her baby. The nurse outlines the expectations of breastfeeding for the mother and the baby. Considering the events of instruction, what should the nurse do next?

a. Ask the mother about her previous experience with breastfeeding.
b. Demonstrate how to position the baby for breastfeeding.
c. Show the mother a video about breastfeeding.
d. Have the mother demonstrate breastfeeding.

Answer 16

ANS: A
Asking the mother about her previous experience with breastfeeding identifies her educational needs. Using the TEACH mnemonic, the first thing the nurse should do is “Tune in”: listen before starting to teach; the client’s needs should direct the content.

Question 17

A diabetic client reports to the nurse that she has been learning more about controlling her blood sugars by reading information found on the Internet. Which statement by the nurse would be most appropriate?

a. “Looking at the date the content was posted on the website is important.”
b. “The Internet is an unreliable source of information and should not be used.”
c. “The best sources of information are found on pharmaceutical websites.”
d. “Your physician will provide you better information than the Internet.”

Answer 17

ANS: A
One of the ways to assess the reliability and validity of Internet sources is to look at its currency, including the dates when the content was posted and updated.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a goal?

a. Mr. Williams will look at his stoma without disgust each time his ostomy bag comes off.
b. Mr. Williams will be able to independently take care of his ostomy bag within three months.
c. Mr. Williams will gather all ostomy supplies correctly each time his ostomy bag needs to be changed.
d. Mr. Williams will successfully describe to the nurse how to care for his ostomy when he is asked.

Answer 18

ANS: B
Goals are broad, long-term expected outcomes. The correct answer describes something that will happen over a long period of time. The other choices describe objectives.

Question 19

A correctly written objective would be:

a. Each member of the Jones family will give an insulin injection to Billy with accurate dosage 100% of the time for 10 consecutive trials.
b. Ms. Smith will perform a blood sugar test on herself with an accurate blood sugar reading.
c. The community will take their children to receive immunizations within 1 month of the immunization due date.
d. Fifty percent of the eligible women seen in the clinic will return for their scheduled mammogram appointment.

Answer 19

ANS: A
Objectives are specific, short-term criteria that need to be met as steps toward achieving the long-term goal. They are written as statements of an intended outcome or expected change in behaviors and should be defined in measurable terms.

Question 20

Which group would be likely to demonstrate the most cohesion?

a. A group with several leaders
b. A group with diverse attitudes and values
c. A group with a common goal
d. A group with efficient members

Answer 20

ANS: C
Cohesion is the attraction between individual members and between each member and the group. Group effectiveness improves as members work together toward group goals while still satisfying the needs of individual members.

Question 21

It is important for a nurse to recognize group norms because they:

a. Allow for creativity and variety among group members
b. Influence members’ perception of community
c. Are helpful in evaluating the effectiveness of the group
d. Maintain the group through various supports to members

Answer 21

ANS: D

Group norms serve to maintain the group through various supports to members.

Question 22

A nurse demonstrates the leadership behavior of reflecting when:

a. Providing feedback on how behavior appears to others
b. Introducing new topics to the group
c. Verifying information through questions and restatement
d. Highlighting important points from the discussion

Answer 22

ANS: A
Reflecting involves giving feedback on how behavior appears to others. Advising introduces new topics. Clarifying verifies new information. Summarizing highlights the important points.

Question 23

A leader controls members through rewards and often keeps members in the dark about the goals and rationale behind prescribed actions. What type of leadership does this describe?

a. Democratic
b. Patriarchal
c. Socialist
d. Communication structure

Answer 23

ANS: B

Patriarchal or paternal style is authoritative, winning respect and dependence through parent-like devotion.

Question 24

A group member who has taken on the role of the “gatekeeper” will:

a. Seek and accept the authority or direction of others.
b. Guide and direct the group activity.
c. Control outsiders’ access to the group.
d. Focus the movement toward the main work of the group.

Answer 24

ANS: C

The gatekeeper controls outsiders’ access to the group.

Question 25

An established group requests a teaching and learning session on hypertension. What can the nurse expect with this type of group?

a. The group membership will change from week to week.
b. The members all have the same interests.
c. They prefer lectures rather than demonstrations.
d. The group already has operating methods that have been successful.

Answer 25

ANS: D
Nurses working with established groups should know that this type of group has membership ties and an existing structure that has proven to be successful.

Question 26

Which intervention can be implemented by a nurse when working with a group focused on improving the health of the community?

a. Make decisions for the group to move the process along.
b. Invite wealthy individuals to participate in the group process.
c. Maintain members through recognition and encouragement.
d. Teach topics that are of national importance.

Answer 26

ANS: C

Maintaining members is an important intervention to facilitate group process.

Question 27

A nurse is working with a group of clients with diabetes and is teaching a class about avoiding the long-term effects of diabetes. The nurse begins the class by reviewing the basic physiology of diabetes, which was taught the week before. This nurse is providing effective education by:

a. Stimulating recall of prior learning
b. Gaining attention
c. Presenting the material
d. Providing learning guidance

Answer 27

ANS: A

The educator should have the learners recall previous knowledge related to the topic of interest.

Question 28

During a class on newborn care given at a local health department, a nursing student asks the participants to practice with baby dolls. Which step of promoting effective education is the student using?

a. Eliciting performance
b. Assessing performance
c. Enhancing retention and transfer of knowledge
d. Gaining attention

Answer 28

ANS: A

The step of eliciting performance includes encouraging the learners to demonstrate what they have learned.

Question 29

The educational process of selecting appropriate educational methods is similar to which of the following steps of the nursing process?

a. Assessment
b. Evaluation
c. Implementation
d. Planning

Answer 29

ANS: D
Assessment would be identifying educational needs, evaluation would be evaluating educational process, and implementation would be implementing the educational plan. Planning is similar to selecting appropriate educational methods.

Question 30

When a nurse is evaluating the components of an educational program, the nurse is completing a(n):

a. Education evaluation
b. Educational product
c. Process evaluation
d. Ongoing evaluation

Answer 30

ANS: C

Process evaluation means looking at the components of an educational program.

Question 31

Evaluation of individual and group progress toward health goals is important. Which component should be included in the evaluative process?

a. Type of teaching strategy used
b. Recognition of accomplishments in the group
c. Conflict that occurred in the group
d. The type of leadership in the group

Answer 31

ANS: B

Recognition of accomplishments in the group and of the group is built into the evaluative process.