Chapter 16

Question 1

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

A general term that refers to hardening (and loss of elasticity) of arteries

Question 2

Atherosclerosis

Answer 2

Buildup of fatty plaques in arteries that leads to narrowing and reduced blood flow

Question 3

Peripheral vascular disease

Answer 3

A group of diseases in which blood vessels become restricted or blocked, typically as a result of atherosclerosis

Question 4

Obesity

Answer 4

The condition of subcutaneous fat exceeding the amount of lean body mass

Question 5

Diabetes

Answer 5

Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein

Question 6

Hypertension

Answer 6

Consistently elevated arterial blood pressure, which, if sustained at a high enough level, is likely to induce cardiovascular or end-organ damage

Question 7

Vasalva maneuver

Answer 7

A maneuver in which a person tries to exhale forcibly with a closed glottis (windpipe) so that no air exits through the mouth or nose as, for example, in lifting a heavy weight

Question 8

Osteopenia

Answer 8

A decrease in the calcification or density of bone as well as reduced bone mass

Question 9

Osteoporosis

Answer 9

Condition in which there is a decrease in bone mass and density as well as an increase in the space between bones, resulting in porosity and fragility

Question 10

Arthritis

Answer 10

Chronic inflammation of the joints

Question 11

Osteoarthritis

Answer 11

Arthritis in which cartilage becomes soft, frayed or thins out, as a result of trauma or other conditions

Question 12

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 12

Arthritis primarily affecting connective tissues, in which there is a thickening of articular soft tissue, and extension of synovial tissue over articular cartilages that have become eroded. (Degenerative joint disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks it’s own tissues)

Question 13

Cancer

Answer 13

Any of various types of malignant neoplasms, most of which invade surrounding tissues, may metastasize to several sites, and are likely to recur after attempted removal and to cause death of the patient unless adequately treated.

Question 14

Restrictive lung disease

Answer 14

The condition of a fibrous lung tissue, which results in a decreased ability to expand the lungs

Question 15

Chronic obstructive lung disease

Answer 15

The condition of altered airflow through the lungs, generally caused by airway obstruction as a result of mucus production

Question 16

Intermittent claudication

Answer 16

The manifestation of the symptoms caused by peripheral arterial disease

Question 17

Peripheral arterial disease

Answer 17

A condition characterized by narrowing of the major arteries that are responsible for supplying blood to the lower extremities