Chapter 16 Flashcards
The acquisition of speech and language is tied to what two criteria?
Physical development and maturation
The course of speech and langauge development is a correlate of (hint: C.M.S.)
cerebral maturation and specialization
The brain weight triples in size by the first ____ months of life.
A. ) 8 months
B.) 16 months
C.) 24 months
D.) 32 months
E.) 40 months
C - 24 months of life
By ____ years old, the brain will have achieved 95% of its ultimate weight.
A.) 5
B.) 15
C.) 18
D.) 10
E.) 13
D - 10 years old
Neurolinguistics is the study of how the brain processes linguistic information, specifically…the ____ and _____ of this processing.
manner and location
*not on study guide but good to know*
There are 3 basic functions of the brain:
*hint R.P.F*
Regulation: energy/arousal state of the brainstem and cerebral cortex
Processing: analyzing, understanding, and memorizing info
Formulation: forming ideas/plans and executing them
Regulation or the energy/arousal state of the brainstem and cerebral cortex takes place in the?
*hint: R.F.
Reticular Formation - regulates alertness
Processing or the analyzing, understanding, and memorizing of info takes place in the?
*hint: smart computers can do this too*
Posterior Cortex
Formulation or the forming of ideas/plans as well as executing them takes place in the?
*excecutive functioning takes place here as well*
Frontal Lobe
Brain growth can be scaled by measuring these two things:
*D.I.S.C.A.M*
development in synaptic connections and myelination
Myelination occurs in the following order:
*hint: Pre-,Po-,Pri-,Pri-
Precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, primary visual cortex, and primary auditory cortex
Myelination of axons allows for ________.
*hint: R.T.O.N.I
rapid transmission of neural information
A lack of myelin maturation in language association pathways and language centers has not been suggested to cause developmental language delays.
True or False?
False - a lack of myelin maturation in language association pathways and language centers has been suggested to cause developmental language delays.
Children with acute brain damamge have greater degrees of recovery than adults with similar kinds of damage due to this trait:
*hint: young minds are easily moulded*
Cerebral Plasticity
Very young children may switch language dominance to the right hemisphere.
True or False
True - when damage occurse before the language centers are mature, the nervous system tends to re-organize to promote continued development (causing a shift of language dominance to the right, or greater participation of the right hemisphere)
The period of time where substantial neuroplastic changes are possible:
Critical Period
There are no structural differences between the left and right hemisphere; therefore, suggesting that for most individuals neither hemisphere is genetically predisposed to support language function.
True or False
False - There are structural differences between the left and right hemisphere; therefore, suggesting that for most individuals the left hemisphere is gentically predisposed to support language function
There is a greater overlap of neural representation for language between L1 and L2 in bilinguals.
True or False
True - the earlier one learns a second language, the more that language will be represented in the same regions of the brain of that of the first language
The causes of acquired aphasia for children are not similar to those for adults.
True or False
False - the causes of acquired aphasia for children are similar to those for adults
Neuroimaging studies suggest involvement of the _____ and _____ in children with ADHD.
*hint: think of where attention is specialized and where errors of fine motor skills would be affected*
frontal lobe and basal ganglia
