Chapter 15 Flashcards
Aphasia is the result of focal damage to the brain.
True or False
True - usually due to impaired blood flow (i.e. ischemia) , which causes cell death (area of infarction),
*focal brain damage is commonly caused by a stroke
Arteriosclerosis, thrombus, and an embolism are part of this type of stroke.
Hint: sclerosis is hardening which will then cause a
Occlusive - blocking blood flow through an artery
*arteriosclerosis - thickening or hardening of the arterial wall
*thrombus - accumulation of blood platelets on arterial wall
*embolism - blockage of an artery by an embolus (traveling particle or debris in arterial bloodstream)
An aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are this type of stroke.
hint: aneurynein means to dilate
hemorrhage - rupture of a vessel in brain
An individual with Broca’s Aphasia will be fluent, can comprehend and can repeat.
True or False
False - an individual with Broca’s Aphasis is nonfluent, can comprehend, and can’t repeat
*nonfluent, reduced verbal output, increased effort speaking, dysprosody (disrupted rhythm), and agrammatism*
An individual with Wernicke’s Aphasia will have fluent speech, trouble with auditory comprehension, and can’t repeat.
True or False
True - fluent aphasia, speech is frequently paraphasic (lots of unintended productions), and difficulty with auditory comprehension
*Lesion - Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus and Wernicke’s Area
An individual who is fluent, has poor repetition, and good auditory comprehension is said to have…
Conduction Aphasia - fluent, poor repetition, frequent phonemic paraphasias
*Lesion - arcuate fasciculus as well as supramarginal gyrus, inferior parietal cortex, posterior superior temporal gyrus
An individual who is not fluent, can’t repeat, and cannot comprehend is to have Global Aphasia.
True or False
True - severe expressive and receptive aphasia, nonfluent, limited speech output, or even recurrent nonlexical (i.e. bam bam)
*Lesion - most of the perisylvian language zone
An individual who is said to have very good repetition, comprehends, but is not fluent will have this type of Aphasia.
Transcortical Motor - very good repetition, poor speech output, and poor auditory comprehension
*Lesion - just outside or at the border of the perisylvian language zone and distribution of middle cerebral artery
This type of aphasia is characterized with very good repetition, fluent, but poor auditory comprehension.
Transcortical Sensory - very good repetition, fluent, and poor auditory comprehension
*Lesion - border of perisylvian language zone and distribution of middle cerebral artery
If an individual who has very good repetition, but is not fluent and can’t comprehend, they are said to have this type of Aphasia.
Mixed Transcortical - very good repetition, no fluency, and no comprehension
*Lesion - border of perislyvian language zone
An individual who happens to be fluent, comprehends, and can repeat, but has word finding difficulty is said to have this type of Aphasia.
Anomic Aphasia - relatively good receptive and expressive, fluent, but has word finding difficulties
*Lesion - Angular Gyrus
*are also very good at circumlocution
Defining description that distinguishes this form of Aphasia from the rest is damage to both the thalamic and basal ganglia.
Subcortical Aphasia
The ability to write but can’t read
*hint: a = without ; lexis = speech
Alexia without Agraphia
*Lesion - posterior cerebral artery, left dominant occipital lobe, and splenium (posterior end of corpus callosum)
To have difficulty in reading and writing is said for an individual to have this type of disorder
Alexia with Agraphia
*Lesion - dominant left inferior parietal lobe, involving the Angular Gyrus
Having difficulty comprehending figurative/nonliteral langauge is not a secondary effect to Right Hemisphere Communication Impairment.
True or False
False- difficulty comprehending figurative/nonliteral language
Difficulty generating and interpreting inferences is a secondry effect of Right Hemisphere Communication Impairment.
True or False
True
Staying on-topic and organized is a secondary effect of Right Hemisphere Communication Impairment.
True or False
False - going off-topic, disorganized, and egocentric is a secondary effect of Right Hemisphere Communication Impairment.
Aprosodia or difficulty comprehending or producing prosodic aspects of speech is not a secondary effect of Right Hemisphere Communication Impairment.
True or False
False - it is a secondary effect (will have difficulty in comprehending and producing prosodic aspects of speech)
Attention difficulties is a secondary effect of Right Hemisphere Communication Impairment.
True
Dementia can be classified as two types.
*hint: on the surface of the “bark” and below the surface of the “bark”
Cortical and Subcortical
Progressive Aphasia has three types:
*hint: N.P.A. / S.D. / L.D.
Nonfluent Progressive Aphasia, Semantic Dementia, and Logopenic Dementia
NFPA (Nonfluent Progressive Aphasia) is similar to Broca’s Aphasia except for:
spared single-word comprehension, spared object knowledge
and
Lesion - degeneration of inferior frontal gyrus, insula, pre-motor and supplementary motor areas
SD (Semantic Dementia) is a fluent aphasia that is mainly characterized by loss of
*hint: need to be able recall past events
Semantic Memory
*impaired confrontation naming, single word comprehension, object knowledge, surface dysgraphia, spared repetition,
LPA (Logopenic Aphasia) is between NFPA and SD in terms of fluency, but a distinguishing feature in that there is a reduction in ___________
short term phonological memory
*impaired single word-retrieval, impaired repetition, phonologic errors in speech,
