Chapter 16— Flashcards
1
Q
The definition of death
a. varies within and between cultures.
b. is the same for everyone within a culture.
c. is the same across all cultures.
d. never changes.
A
a. varies within and between cultures.
2
Q
In some South Pacific cultures, the life force is thought to leave the body during illness and sleep. What cultural implication toward death does this belief support?
a. There is no such thing as death.
b. People die many times throughout their lives.
c. Death is a living entity.
d. Souls represent the embodiment of God.
A
b. People die many times throughout their lives.
3
Q
Jac is living in Ghana and is said to be dying a “good death.” This means that he
a. is in his teens.
b. has made peace with his friends and family.
c. will take his own life.
d. has sacrificed an animal to the “god of the living.”
A
b. has made peace with his friends and family.
4
Q
When a death occurs, _____ traditionally cover the mirrors in the house.
a. Muscogee Creek tribespeople c. Greeks
b. Orthodox Jews d. Cubans
A
b. Orthodox Jews
5
Q
When Ahmad thinks of death, he thinks of a wake, a funeral, and a memorial service. Ahmad defines death as
a. a statistic. c. a thief of meaning.
b. an event. d. an analogy.
A
b. an event.
6
Q
After seeing a cat run over by a car, Felix says, “That thing is as dead as a cooked pig.” This provides an example of death as a(n)
a. boundary. c. analogy.
b. image. d. event.
A
c. analogy.
7
Q
Which is not associated with “death as a state of being?”
a. Being transformed into a pure energy
b. Being with God and endlessly happy
c. Being nothingness
d. Being afraid of dying
A
d. Being afraid of dying
8
Q
In the country of Rigermortis, dead individuals are buried in bright yellow coats and the bereaved are sent pencils in the mail. In Rigermortis, a yellow coat and a pencil would serve as ____ of death.
a. states c. events
b. objects d. analogies
A
b. objects
9
Q
Determining how many people in a culture are killed in accidents, die from AIDS, and how long people in general can expect to live are examples of viewing death as a(n)
a. mystery. c. event.
b. statistic. d. boundary.
A
b. statistic.
10
Q
Which question best exemplifies the concept of death as a mystery?
a. Will my crippled body be made whole after I die?
b. Why was I given cancer?
c. Does my family really like me?
d. How many people die from homicide each year?
A
a. Will my crippled body be made whole after I die?
11
Q
Believing that the dead lose all contact with the living best exemplifies the concept of death as a(n)
a. mystery. c. statistic.
b. event. d. boundary.
A
d. boundary.
12
Q
Kim’s statement, “I cannot believe that I am dying so young, I have so much more to do,” provides a nice example of the concept of death as a
a. mystery. c. fear.
b. thief of meaning. d. boundary.
A
b. thief of meaning.
13
Q
A religion that believes that sinners spend eternity in a burning hell supports the notion that death is a
a. mystery. c. punishment.
b. thief of meaning. d. boundary.
A
c. punishment.
14
Q
The concern over who will care for family members after one dies best fits with the concept of death as a(n)
a. fear. c. event.
b. thief of meaning. d. statistic.
A
a. fear.
15
Q
A chart showing the number of teens who died from homicide during the past year represents death as a(n)
a. statistic. c. boundary.
b. analogy. d. anxiety.
A
a. statistic
16
Q
Who is clinically dead?
a. John, who is not responsive to pain
b. Naomi, who is not breathing and whose heart is not beating
c. Helga, who exhibits no cortical functioning
d. John, Naomi, and Helga, would all be considered clinically dead.
A
b. Naomi, who is not breathing and whose heart is not beating
17
Q
After an accident, Steve’s heart is not beating and he has stopped breathing. Steve is
a. whole-brain dead. c. in a persistent vegetative state.
b. mourning. d. clinically dead.
A
d. clinically dead.
18
Q
A flat electroencephalogram for 10 minutes is one of the criteria for
a. clinical death. c. whole-brain death.
b. euthanasia. d. death as a mystery.
A
c. whole-brain death.
19
Q
When attempting to determine if someone is “whole-brain dead,” a physician would be unlikely to ask,
a. “Do the brain cells still contain neurotransmitters?”
b. “Does the body respond to a pinprick?”
c. “Has there been any movement for the past hour?”
d. “Are the pupils responsive?”
A
a. “Do the brain cells still contain neurotransmitters?”
20
Q
In the United States,
a. each state has its own definition of death.
b. all 50 states and the District of Columbia use clinical death as the definition of death.
c. all 50 states and the District of Columbia use whole-brain death as the definition of death.
d. all 50 states and the District of Columbia use persistent vegetative state as the definition of death.
A
c. all 50 states and the District of Columbia use whole-brain death as the definition of death.
21
Q
Susan’s cortical functioning has ceased, but her brain stem is still active. Susan would be best described as
a. in a persistent vegetative state. c. clinically dead.
b. whole-brain dead. d. consciously aware.
A
a. in a persistent vegetative state
22
Q
A person in a persistent vegetative state would be
a. considered clinically dead.
b. capable of keeping his or her heart beating without consciousness.
c. able to engage in primitive thought.
d. considered whole-brain dead.
A
b. capable of keeping his or her heart beating without consciousness.
23
Q
In the case of Terri Schiavo, the argument for passive euthanasia was that she would not regain the capacity for ____.
a. consciousness c. motor reflexes
b. respiration d. vocalization
A
a. consciousness
24
Q
Individuals in permanent comas or persistent vegetative states
a. are considered dead both clinically and according to the whole-brain standard of death.
b. are considered dead by the clinical but not the whole-brain standard of death.
c. will not regain consciousness but do not meet the whole-brain standard of death.
d. will regain consciousness but do not meet the whole-brain standard of death.
A
c. will not regain consciousness but do not meet the whole-brain standard of death.
25
Dr. Axle teaches bioethics. What lecture title would be most representative of his field?
a. “The Reliability of the Electroencephalogram”
b. “Pupillary Responses in Rats”
c. “Mercy Killing: Legal or Illegal?”
d. “Axons and Dendrites: Synaptic Partners”
c. “Mercy Killing: Legal or Illegal?”
26
Dr. Rahman has made a career out of studying mercy killing and new surgical options to extend life. She is most likely interested in
a. grief. c. bioethics.
b. death as a statistic. d. death as an object.
c. bioethics.
27
Bioethics concerns the interface between human values and technological advances in
a. philosophy. c. religion.
b. health and life sciences. d. computer science.
b. health and life sciences.
28
By definition, euthanasia is defined as the practice of ending life for reasons of
a. mercy. c. speed.
b. health. d. religiosity.
a. mercy.
29
Which of the following is not part of the definition of active euthanasia?
a. Deliberate act of ending a life
b. Based on statement by an individual who wants to die
c. Decision made by someone with legal authority to do so
d. Must involve individual in persistent vegetative state or whole-brain dead
d. Must involve individual in persistent vegetative state or whole-brain dead
30
Dr. Kelly has just purposely killed a patient by injecting her with a lethal amount of medication. This patient had an incurable illness and requested to die rather than go through a long, painful treatment. This is an example of
a. clinical death. c. active euthanasia.
b. passive euthanasia. d. inducing a persistent vegetative state.
c. active euthanasia.
31
Which is the best example of active euthanasia?
a. Administering a drug overdose
b. Pulling the plug on a respirator
c. Not performing a potentially life-saving surgery
d. Withdrawing an experimental drug that might prevent a disorder
a. Administering a drug overdose
32
The Dutch supreme court established a policy in which physicians who engage in assisted suicide will not be prosecuted as long as
a. the patient making the request is incompetent.
b. the patient only makes a suicide request one time.
c. there is only minimal hope that the individual will recover.
d. another physician reviews that case and agrees with the request.
d. another physician reviews that case and agrees with the request.
33
_____ was the first country to officially legalize physician-assisted suicide.
a. The United States c. Brazil
b. China d. The Netherlands
d. The Netherlands
34
Which U.S. state passed the first law legalizing physician-assisted suicide?
a. California c. Washington
b. Oregon d. Idaho
b. Oregon
35
According to Oregon’s physician-assisted suicide law,
a. only older adults can request this procedure.
b. people who have a terminal illness can voluntarily request a lethal dose of medication.
c. family members must request this procedure in person.
d. the deadly drugs must be administered directly by a physician.
b. people who have a terminal illness can voluntarily request a lethal dose of medication.
36
Between 1998 and 2011, about _____ patients had died under the terms of the Oregon Death with Dignity Act.
a. 50 c. 5000
b. 500 d. 50,000
b. 500
37
Dr. Steinmetz decides to follow the wishes of her patient and withhold treatment for the patient’s terminal cancer, thus allowing the patient to die. This is an example of
a. a near-death experience. c. bioethics.
b. passive euthanasia. d. active euthanasia.
b. passive euthanasia
38
After Maxine was in a severe car accident, her parents were informed that she was brain dead but could be kept alive if she was put on a respirator immediately. Her family’s decision to not put her on the respirator would be considered
a. a durable power of attorney. c. murder.
b. active euthanasia. d. passive euthanasia.
d. passive euthanasia.
39
The “Ethics Task Force” of the European Association of Palliative Care challenged the term “passive euthanasia” arguing that
a. “there is no such thing as ‘mercy killing.’”
b. “ending life is always active.”
c. “this procedure is unethical.”
d. “the definition must include the word physician.”
b. “ending life is always active.”
40
The first Supreme Court case on passive euthanasia involved a case in which a family wanted to allow Nancy Cruzan to die by
a. taking her off a respirator.
b. giving her a lethal injection.
c. letting her take a lethal dose of medication.
d. ending force feedings.
d. ending force feedings.
41
What originally led to Terri Schiavo’s life-threatening medical condition?
a. Car accident
b. Head trauma from violent robbery
c. Physiological imbalance as the result of an eating disorder
d. Side effects from treatment for cancer
c. Physiological imbalance as the result of an eating disorder
42
Why was the controversial intervention with Terri Schiavo considered to be a form of passive euthanasia?
a. She removed her own tube
b. Her parents were involved in the decision
c. No physician was involved in the process
d. Removing the tube did not directly lead to her death
d. Removing the tube did not directly lead to her death
43
Before she died, Lee completed a document specifying her wishes to be taken off life support should she be in a position where she could not speak for herself and her recovery was all but impossible. Because the form did not give authority to anyone else to speak for her, Lee’s document was most likely a(n)
a. living will.
b. EEG.
c. survey of near-death experiences.
d. durable power of attorney.
a. living will.
44
Nathan wants to be sure that, in the event he is incapable of communicating, no life support will be used even if doctors want to keep him alive. He also wants to give his wife the legal right to speak for him in that situation. In order to do all this with one document, Nathan should complete a(n)
a. living will.
b. healthcare durable power of attorney.
c. EEG.
d. survey of near-death experiences.
b. healthcare durable power of attorney.
45
While they differ in some respects, both a living will and a durable power of attorney
a. identify someone to act on your behalf if you become incapacitated.
b. make it legal for a physician to perform active euthanasia.
c. allow others to know one’s preferences concerning issues like whether you want to be put on life support.
d. cannot be written until a person is about to lose the ability to make his or her own decisions.
c. allow others to know one’s preferences concerning issues like whether you want to be put on life support.
46
For whom would a “Do Not Resuscitate” order be most appropriately applied?
a. Mack, who is brain-dead
b. Mike, whose heart stopped
c. Mort, whose liver failed
d. Mary, who has Alzheimer’s
b. Mike, whose heart stopped
47
Most people confront the death of their parents when they are
a. adolescents. c. middle-aged.
b. young adults. d. elderly.
c. middle-aged.
48
Death anxiety would likely be the lowest for
a. Sally, who is 80 years old.
b. Jesse, who is 45 years old.
c. Rikki, who is 30 years old.
d. Lake, who is 21 years old.
a. Sally, who is 80 years old.
49
According to research presented in your text, understanding how adults deal with death is probably best understood from the perspective of ____ theory.
a. cognitive-developmental
b. attachment
c. psychoanalytic
d. terror management
b. attachment
50
A(n) ____ is often used to describe the duration of time between the onset of dying and death itself.
a. death trajectory c. hospice
b. end-of-life scenario d. final scenario
a. death trajectory
51
Which would have a terminal phase with the longest trajectory?
a. Death due to a massive stroke
b. Death due to breast cancer
c. Death due to a car accident
d. Death due to sudden heart failure
b. Death due to breast cancer
52
Elizabeth Kübler-Ross’s stage theory of dying was initially developed as a research project
a. investigating how the terminally ill cope with dying.
b. probing into the suffering of inmates at Holocaust death camps.
c. designed to determine the impact of hospice care.
d. testing the effectiveness of an antidepressant medication.
a. investigating how the terminally ill cope with dying.
53
What is the correct sequence of Kübler-Ross’s original “five stages of dying”?
a. Depression, acceptance, denial, bargaining, anger
b. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
c. Anger, depression, denial, acceptance, bargaining
d. Bargaining, denial, acceptance, anger, depression
b. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
54
Tricia has just been informed that she has terminal cancer. According to Kübler-Ross’s original model, her first reaction would involve
a. depression. c. bargaining.
b. anger. d. denial.
d. denial.
55
Stacey has been diagnosed with a terminal illness. She is currently going to different doctors to determine whether her diagnosis is correct. Stacey is probably in the ____ stage of dying.
a. depression c. denial
b. anger d. bargaining
c. denial
56
Devin has been told he only has a few more months to live. He is totally unable to deal with people, because he knows everyone he sees is going to outlive him. “It’s not fair. Why is this happening to me?” is something he says over and over to himself. He feels frustrated and alone. He is most likely in the ____ stage of dying.
a. depression c. denial
b. anger d. bargaining
b. anger
57
Sandy knows she is going to die in a few months. She seems calm and concerned more about how to help her family deal with her death than with her own mortality. She seems to be disconnecting herself from people and things and at peace. Sandy is most likely in the ____ stage of dying.
a. denial c. depression
b. bargaining d. acceptance
d. acceptance
58
Brent has been diagnosed with terminal cancer. Today, he spent hours praying: “Please, I’ll do anything. Just give me one more chance. I’m so sorry. I’ll be the best person, just please give me another chance.” Brent is most likely in the ____ stage of dying.
a. bargaining c. depression
b. acceptance d. denial
a. bargaining
59
Koua feels guilty and ashamed over the fact that she has AIDS and how her terminal illness is affecting her family. Kübler-Ross would argue that Koua is in the _____ stage of dying.
a. anger c. denial
b. depression d. bargaining
b. depression
60
In Kübler-Ross’s original theory, the emotion of ____ was thought to immediately precede feelings of acceptance.
a. anger c. depression
b. euphoria d. resignation
c. depression
61
Nobel, who has terminal cancer, has been in a depressed state for several weeks. The most effective way to help him move out of this stage would be to
a. convince him to strike a bargain for his health.
b. let him alone, since it usually passes within a month.
c. have a frank, open discussion with him about his feelings.
d. tell him that he is being selfish by denying his friends a chance to say good-bye to him.
c. have a frank, open discussion with him about his feelings.
62
With regard to her theory, Kübler-Ross would agree with all of the following possibilities except
a. some individuals do not experience any of the stages of dying.
b. some individuals go through the stages of dying in a different order.
c. individuals progress through stages at different rates.
d. different individuals may have different emotional responses.
a. some individuals do not experience any of the stages of dying.
63
All stage theories of dying are based on the notion that
a. the faster the death trajectory, the better.
b. there are great cultural differences in the dying process.
c. there is a specific direction to the developmental pattern of reacting to one’s death.
d. the unconscious mind plays a major role in death anxiety.
c. there is a specific direction to the developmental pattern of reacting to one’s death.
64
Corr (1991-1992) suggests that a dying individual must face four tasks (e.g., spiritual energy, bodily needs, psychological security). This approach views coping with death as a(n)
a. bioethical dilemma.
b. holistic process.
c. invariant sequence of reactions.
d. psychosomatic disorder.
b. holistic process.
65
You’re buying a book that explains the contextual theory of dying. Which of these would most likely be title for this book?
a. Understanding the Stages of Death
b. Physiological Criteria for Defining Death
c. Factors That Influence Coping with Death
d. A Task-Based Approach to Coping with Death
c. Factors That Influence Coping with Death
66
According to ____ theory, the primary motive of humans is to ensure that life continues.
a. attachment c. cognitive-developmental
b. Kübler-Ross’s stage d. terror management
d. terror management
67
Bernie hates being around his older relatives because their frailty reminds him that some day he will grow old and die. This belief best fits with the ____ approach to dying.
a. death as an event c. death as a mystery
b. terror management theory d. Kübler-Ross
b. terror management theory
68
Death anxiety
a. consists solely of the component of fear.
b. is very hard to measure.
c. appears independent from pain, punishment, and humiliation.
d. is expressed identically in public and private settings.
b. is very hard to measure.
69
Who is an example of someone using the most common way of dealing with death anxiety?
a. Jean, who is becoming more fearful the older she gets
b. Martin, who lives life to the fullest
c. Norma, who seeks professional counseling
d. Louis, who becomes more committed to his church
b. Martin, who lives life to the fullest
70
Before he dies, Juan is checking his insurance, rewriting his will, and making arrangements for his funeral. Juan is dealing with
a. death anxiety. c. end-of-life issues.
b. bereavement. d. grief work.
c. end-of-life issues.
71
Bernie is trying to decide whether or not to be cremated. This best exemplifies
a. a final scenario. c. bioethics.
b. an end-of-life issue. d. grief work as rumination.
b. an end-of-life issue.
72
Which is the best example of an end-of-life issue?
a. Deciding on whether to have a memorial service after you die
b. Focusing on whether you are going to heaven or hell
c. Differentiating between clinical and whole-brain death
d. Trying to raise enough money for a comfortable retirement
a. Deciding on whether to have a memorial service after you die
73
Making your choices known about how you want your life to end constitutes your
a. final scenario. c. death anxiety.
b. end-of-life issues. d. passive euthanasia.
a. final scenario.
74
Jensen is dying. She is explaining to her family that she would like to spend her last days alone in her country home with just her husband. These arrangements are an example of
a. passive euthanasia. c. death anxiety.
b. denial. d. a final scenario.
d. a final scenario.
75
Afi is terminally ill. She is being sent to an institution that provides for people who are dying and their families. Afi is most likely being sent to a(n)
a. skilled care nursing home. c. hospice.
b. hospital. d. intermediate care nursing home.
c. hospice.
76
The hospice philosophy is best summarized as
a. “prevent death at all costs.”
b. “promote death with dignity.”
c. “die a natural death (i.e., drugs have no place in death).”
d. “everyone should die at home.”
b. “promote death with dignity.”
77
In 1967, Dr. Cicely Saunders founded St. Christopher’s
a. Hospital.
b. Physician-Assisted Suicide Center.
c. Hospice.
d. Terror Management Program.
c. Hospice.
78
Ninety-year-old Albert is terminally ill and has decided to die at home. He has also decided that he would like to have visits from a nurse who can provide assistance in making his process of dying more comfortable. This indicates that Albert is involved in ____ hospice care.
a. implicit c. passive
b. outpatient d. nonpalliative
b. outpatient
79
As a hospice staff member, you would be most unlikely to hear your supervisor say,
a. “We must make every effort to satisfy the realistic life goals of our clients.”
b. “Inform the clients that it is OK to end their relationships before they die.”
c. “Be sure to inform clients that they can have as many drugs to relieve pain as they need.”
d. “Remember that fear is a natural part of the dying process, so you should try and encourage it in the clients.”
d. “Remember that fear is a natural part of the dying process, so you should try and encourage it in the clients.”
80
When compared to terminally-ill hospital patients, hospice patients are more likely to be
a. mobile. c. depressed.
b. anxious. d. avoided by a spouse.
a. mobile.
81
What is the most likely complaint of a hospice client?
a. “Everyone is too worried about my pain and not worried enough about my religious beliefs.”
b. “Why is the hospice movement against dying at home?”
c. “Why is my family discouraged from seeing me?”
d. “How come I have to have cancer or AIDS to qualify for hospice care?”
a. “Everyone is too worried about my pain and not worried enough about my religious beliefs.”
82
Which of these is not one of Kastenbaum’s (1999) key considerations for exploring the hospice option?
a. Is the person completely informed about the nature and prognosis of his or her condition?
b. Are the family members ready for this person to die?
c. Is a high-quality hospice care program available?
d. How well do the people in the person’s social network communicate with each other?
b. Are the family members ready for this person to die?
83
Bereavement is best defined as the
a. emotions expressed when we grieve.
b. rituals we go through when we grieve.
c. state or condition caused by loss through death.
d. condition created in one’s self when we are dying.
c. state or condition caused by loss through death.
84
The feelings that arise after someone near us dies are called
a. mourning. c. docility.
b. grief. d. bereavement.
b. grief.
85
Mourning is best defined as the way a person
a. dies. c. feels after the death of a close friend.
b. reflects on his or her own death. d. expresses grief.
d. expresses grief.
86
Concerning dying, grieving is to mourning as
a. feeling is to doing. c. status is to purpose.
b. passive is to active. d. acute is to chronic.
a. feeling is to doing
87
____ is most highly influenced by culture.
a. Bereavement c. Mourning
b. Grief d. Being dead
c. Mourning
88
In the country of Felixville, when someone’s spouse dies, it is expected that the living spouse will walk around with a cat on top of his or her head for a week. In this country, the behavior would be considered
a. normal grieving. c. a mourning ritual.
b. psychotic. d. passive bereavement.
c. a mourning ritual.
89
For most European Americans, _____ would be the best example of a mourning ritual.
a. being cremated c. having an open casket
b. wearing black d. writing a will
b. wearing black
90
Which is the best advice for an individual trying to overcome grief?
a. Strengthen ties to the deceased
b. Repress the loss
c. Express the emotions you feel
d. Adopt ways of living identical to those used when the deceased was still alive
c. Express the emotions you feel
91
The grieving process is much ____ than most people believe it to be.
a. shorter c. less complex
b. easier d. longer
d. longer
92
Instead of conceptualizing the final stage of grief as “recovery,” it might be better thought of as
a. repression of the most damaging emotions.
b. learning to live with loss.
c. spiritual rejection.
d. active euthanasia.
b. learning to live with loss.
93
Research on bereavement has shown that
a. the positive impact of church attendance on the grieving has little to do with the social support that people receive at church.
b. women have higher mortality rates following bereavement.
c. men have higher rates of depression following bereavement.
d. young people suffer more health consequences following bereavement than older people.
d. young people suffer more health consequences following bereavement than older people.
94
Which would not be found on a list of “normal grief reactions”?
a. Relief c. Confusion
b. Lack of enthusiasm d. Euphoria
d. Euphoria
95
Grief work is best defined as the
a. physiological reaction to bereavement.
b. psychological coming of terms with bereavement.
c. social reaction to dying.
d. bioethical debate over dying.
b. psychological coming of terms with bereavement.
96
Chung is trying to get through numerous conflicting emotions and come to grips with his bereavement. Chung is involved in
a. a near-death experience. c. grief work.
b. clinical death. d. passive euthanasia.
c. grief work.
97
Heather’s father just died. One thing she has been doing is talking a lot about the time her father won a big golf tournament. Muller and Thompson (2003) would say that this reflects the ____ theme of the experience of grief.
a. coping c. affect
b. narrative d. relationship
b. narrative
98
According to Muller and Thompson (2003), the ____ theme of grief relates to what someone does to deal with loss in terms of what helps that person.
a. coping c. narrative
b. affect d. relationship
a. coping
99
Whenever Abe sees the beach, he’s reminded of his deceased spouse and feels very upset. This represents which of Muller and Thompson’s (2003) themes of grief?
a. Coping c. Affect
b. Relationship d. Narrative
c. Affect
100
Cain discovered that he had developed the ability to better manage his finances as a result of having to deal with financial issues following the death of his brother. This best exemplifies the ____ theme of grief.
a. change c. Affect
b. implicit d. Narrative
a. change
101
The fact that circulatory problems increase following the death of a spouse indicates that there is a(n) _____ component to grief.
a. psychological c. physiological
b. bioethical d. emotional
c. physiological
102
The anniversary reaction is always tied to a
a. family member. c. traumatic death.
b. death by terminal illness. d. date.
d. date.
103
Jefferson’s brother died on the 4th of July. Now, every 4th of July, Jefferson gets very sad and thinks about his dead brother. This experience of Jefferson’s is best described as a(n) ____ reaction.
a. anniversary c. passive
b. anticipatory d. bioethical
a. anniversary
104
Bryant’s father died of a terminal illness on his birthday. Now every year on his birthday, Bryant feels sad and thinks about his father. This experience of Bryant’s is best described as a(n) ____ reaction.
a. anniversary c. passive
b. anticipatory d. bioethical
a. anniversary
105
For most people, grief tends to peak within ______ following the death of a loved one.
a. one month c. six months
b. three months d. twelve months
c. six months
106
Some research suggests that
a. women grieve much longer than men.
b. men tend to skip the grieving process.
c. grief can last for years at intense levels for some people.
d. grief goes away with the passage of time for everyone.
c. grief can last for years at intense levels for some people.
107
Which of the following most accurately describes the length of time people experience grief?
a. Grief typically lasts about a year.
b. Grief lasts approximately three times the length of the relationship.
c. Grief over loved ones goes away with time.
d. Grief can last for extended periods of time at great intensity.
d. Grief can last for extended periods of time at great intensity.
108
Which is not one of the components in the four-component model of the grieving process?
a. Context of the loss
b. Changing representations of the lost relationship over time
c. Continuation of subjective meaning associated with the loss
d. Loss-oriented stressors
d. Loss-oriented stressors
109
Guffy has just lost his wife to cancer and has begun to question the point of his own existence. This concern best fits with the ____ component of grief.
a. emotional-regulation
b. continuation of subjective meaning associated with loss
c. changing representation of lost relationship
d. context of loss
b. continuation of subjective meaning associated with loss
110
The comment, “She died unexpectedly and way before her time,” is best associated with Bonanno and Kaltman’s (1999) ____ component of grief.
a. emotional-regulation
b. continuation of subjective meaning associated with loss
c. changing representation of lost relationship
d. context of the loss
d. context of the loss
111
According to the grief work as rumination hypothesis,
a. grief is necessary for recovery after a loss.
b. the grieving process can increase distress.
c. grief is significantly more distressing when the death involves a terminal illness.
d. grief is a great way to avoid less adaptive ways of dealing with death.
b. the grieving process can increase distress.
112
Bonanno and colleagues’ (2005) cross-cultural study on grieving in the United States and China found support for the contention that
a. feelings of grief increase significantly with age.
b. excessive processing of grief may actually increase stress in a bereaved individual.
c. men show more grief processing than women.
d. when a person dies as the result of passive euthanasia, grief tends to be more intense.
b. excessive processing of grief may actually increase stress in a bereaved individual.
113
Shortly after the death of her husband Hatcher, Terri felt fine. However, as she has begun to grieve, she actually appears to have become more depressed. This reaction best fits with the
a. Kübler-Ross stage theory.
b. anniversary reaction perspective.
c. normal dying trajectory.
d. grief work as rumination hypothesis.
d. grief work as rumination hypothesis.
114
As a counselor who adheres to the grief work as rumination hypothesis, Roger would be most likely to tell a recently widowed individual
a. to neither avoid nor over-focus on grieving.
b. to avoid grieving at all costs.
c. to grieve at all costs.
d. that whether you grieve or not does not matter as grief has no impact on one’s psychological health.
a. to neither avoid nor over-focus on grieving.
115
According to the dual-process model of coping (DPM), ____ are the two main type of stressors.
a. implicit and explicit
b. loss orientation and restoration orientation
c. traumatic and separation
d. active euthanasia and passive euthanasia
b. loss orientation and restoration orientation
116
Now that his wife has died, it is no longer practical for Marco to live in the house he shared with his wife for many years, so he is trying to find a new place to live and is packing his belongings. These sorts of concerns would be best described as
a. loss-oriented stressors.
b. traumatic grief.
c. restoration-oriented stressors.
d. anticipatory grief.
c. restoration-oriented stressors.
117
Sophie is experiencing so much guilt associated with the death of her boyfriend that it is beginning to interfere in every aspect of her life. She is probably experiencing
a. a near-death experience. c. normal bereavement.
b. separation distress. d. anticipatory grief.
b. separation distress.
118
The defining element of separation distress during prolonged grief is that it
a. interferes with daily activities.
b. must involve a child-parent dyad.
c. is based on disbelief about death.
d. is an emotionless reaction.
a. interferes with daily activities.
119
Which does not belong on a list of symptoms of traumatic distress?
a. Experiencing the physical presence of the deceased
b. Searching for the deceased
c. Detachment from others following a death
d. Anger toward others following a death
b. Searching for the deceased
120
Which emotions are most common to an individual who is experiencing prolonged grief?
a. Relief and euphoria c. Guilt and self-blame
b. Euphoria and guilt d. Self-blame and relief
c. Guilt and self-blame
121
Four-year-old Gwen and eight-year-old Stefani are coming back from their grandfather’s funeral. Which of them understands that eventually everyone has to die?
a. Gwen c. Both Gwen and Stefani
b. Stefani d. Neither Gwen nor Stefani
b. Stefani
122
Which comment would have most likely come from a concrete operational thinker?
a. “I am not going to die because I sleep under the covers where the Bogeyman can’t get me.”
b. “Grandpa is dead, but he’ll come to visit us next week.”
c. “Even though I can’t imagine what death is like, it must be wonderful.”
d. “When you’re dead, you’re dead.”
d. “When you’re dead, you’re dead.”
123
Bereavement during childhood
a. typically does not have long-lasting effects.
b. does not occur.
c. is experienced as a positive emotion by most children.
d. is usually repressed.
a. typically does not have long-lasting effects.
124
Your text suggests that you should ____ when explaining death to children.
a. use euphemisms like “Grandma went away”
b. be honest and supportive
c. hide the reality of death
d. be unemotional
b. be honest and supportive
125
What would be the most confusing thing to say to a five-year-old whose mother just died?
a. “Your mommy will not be around to play with you anymore.”
b. “Your mommy didn’t die because a monster got her. People sometimes die when they get very sick.”
c. “Your mommy has gone away to a better place.”
d. “We are going to have to bury your mommy just like we had to bury your hamster when she died.”
c. “Your mommy has gone away to a better place.”
126
One of the more unique reactions of adolescents who experience the death of a sibling involves
a. the great disruption it has on their overall normative development.
b. the fact that it tends to increase the negative feelings they have toward their deceased sibling.
c. the lack of emotional trauma.
d. their reluctance to discuss their grief.
d. their reluctance to discuss their grief.
127
Tony’s younger brother died when Tony was 11 years old. Tony is now 18 years old. If Tony is a normally developing adolescent, he is now much more likely to ____ than when he was 11.
a. miss his brother
b. view his brother as being in heaven
c. talk about his brother
d. be depressed because of loss
c. talk about his brother
128
Which statement about death of a parent during adolescence is true?
a. About 50 percent of teens lose a parent
b. The response to the death is much more intense that the death of a sibling
c. The nonbereaved peers of teens tend to be unwilling to discuss the death
d. Teens seldom feel a presence of their deceased parent
c. The nonbereaved peers of teens tend to be unwilling to discuss the death
129
____ tend to have the most intense feelings concerning death.
a. Young children c. Young adults
b. Adolescents d. Older adults
c. Young adults
130
Twenty-eight-year-old Tut was married to his wife Nefertiti for four years before her untimely death. It is now three years later. If Tut is grieving in a typical manner, you would expect him to
a. show few lingering signs of grief.
b. still be grieving at the level he was just after his wife died.
c. be happily married to someone else.
d. have entered a state of depression.
b. still be grieving at the level he was just after his wife died.
131
Chuck and Barb’s infant has just died of SIDS. Which of these are they least likely to experience?
a. Guilt
b. Acceptance of the loss
c. A more negative view of the world
d. High anxiety
b. Acceptance of the loss
132
Kiko just experienced a stillbirth after being pregnant for nearly seven months. In what way would her grief be different than that of Ishi, whose child died unexpectedly at six months of age?
a. Kiko would display significantly less sadness
b. People would expect Kiko to recover much faster
c. Kiko would exhibit more anticipatory grief
d. People would avoid making comments about Kiko’s situation
b. People would expect Kiko to recover much faster
133
Which is devastating for a parent?
a. Death of a child before birth
b. Death of a young child
c. Death of a young-adult child
d. All of these events are devastating
d. All of these events are devastating
134
After Sarah died, Ashley felt like she had lost a source of guidance in her life. Sarah’s death made Ashley reevaluate her role as a parent and the importance of the time spent with her children. In addition, Ashley now feels as though she is “next” to die. Sarah was probably Ashley’s
a. mother. c. friend.
b. sister. d. grandmother.
a. mother.
135
Generally, ____ show the least anxiety about death.
a. Adolescents c. middle-aged adults
b. young adults d. older adults
d. older adults
136
The feelings of distress experienced by parents following the death of a child tend to last
a. about 2 years. c. about 20 years.
b. about 10 years. d. a lifetime.
d. a lifetime.
137
How would the typical reaction to the death of a child differ for grandparents versus parents?
a. Grandparents are more likely to attempt to hide their grief
b. Grandparents are more likely to use the event to consider their own mortality
c. Parents are more likely to recover from the loss faster
d. Parents are less likely to experience the emotion of guilt
a. Grandparents are more likely to attempt to hide their grief
138
In the United States, an unwritten but “acceptable” amount of time to grieve the death of a spouse is about
a. three months. c. one year.
b. six months. d. two years.
c. one year.
139
What is most likely to help Anita recover from the loss of her spouse?
a. Having many acquaintances
b. Feeling supported by a small, but close, set of friends
c. Being a member of a large family
d. Social withdrawal
b. Feeling supported by a small, but close, set of friends
140
Who is most likely to have positive ratings concerning their marriage?
a. Paula, who has been a widow for two years and who is depressed
b. Dean, who has been a widower for two years and who is not depressed
c. Rachael, who is still married and who is depressed
d. Ray, who is still married and who is not depressed
a. Paula, who has been a widow for two years and who is depressed
141
Who is “sanctifying” their deceased husband?
a. Monica, who says, “I think he would have liked his burial site!”
b. Linda, who says, “He was the greatest human being on the face of the Earth!”
c. Hillary, who says, “I hope that he rots in hell!”
d. Jennifer, who says, “I really miss him!”
b. Linda, who says, “He was the greatest human being on the face of the Earth!”
142
The death of an unmarried lifelong homosexual partner typically results in
a. abnormal grief.
b. anticipatory grief.
c. a normal pattern of grief that is not as intense as seen in married heterosexual spouses.
d. a normal pattern of grief, along with additional issues related to sexual orientation.
d. a normal pattern of grief, along with additional issues related to sexual orientation.
