Chapter 15— Flashcards
Rose lives with several of her friends, who are also elderly. She has a high desire to please and help others, but has difficulty with common sense, so her friends often check on her activities and interactions with others. Which of the following problems are Rose’s friends most likely to protect her from becoming a victim of?
a. Fraud c. Emotional abuse
b. Physical abuse d. Neglect
a. Fraud
Which of the following factors places elderly people at higher risk for fraud?
a. Unhappiness c. Social isolation
b. Loneliness d. Disability
b. Loneliness
Hubert, who is taking care of his elderly uncle, has recently been cashing his uncle’s social security checks and putting the money into his own account. As this is being done without his uncle’s knowledge, Hubert’s behavior would be classified as
a. psychological abuse. c. material exploitation.
b. abandonment. d. neglect.
c. material exploitation.
Which statement concerning elder abuse is true?
a. The abuser is typically a family member
b. Most victims are under age 80
c. Stress alone appears to be the major trigger of abuse
d. It tends to be a pattern that is transmitted from one generation to the next
a. The abuser is typically a family member
Compared with 1950, _____ of today’s older adults are below the federal poverty line.
a. significantly more c. slightly fewer
b. about the same percent d. significantly fewer
d. significantly fewer
If spending patterns do not change by 2039, what percentage of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) will be consumed by Social Security and Medicare?
a. 3 c. 12
b. 7 d. 21
c. 12
Part D of Medicare provides coverage for
a. prescription medications. c. inpatient hospital services.
b. physician services. d. skilled nursing facilities.
a. prescription medications
The major problem facing Medicare involves
a. the lack of skilled nursing facilities.
b. a refusal by the government to fund via a payroll tax.
c. rising healthcare costs.
d. the increasing age of retirement.
c. rising healthcare costs.
In order to deal with the financial problems inherent to the current Social Security system, President Waldhart proposes that anyone making over $150,000 would receive no benefits. This solution best fits with a(n) ____ approach.
a. adjusted cost of living c. privatization
b. means-test benefits d. payroll tax
b. means-test benefits
Social Security money is obtained from
a. money put away by workers over the course of their working life.
b. taxes on current workers’ payroll.
c. interest on a large federal investment fund.
d. a low-interest loan from the business sector.
b. taxes on current workers’ payroll.
The original purpose of Social Security was to
a. create a way for seniors to pay for housing expenses.
b. provide a supplement to savings and other means of financial support.
c. provide the primary source of income for those over age 65.
d. create an investment opportunity.
b. provide a supplement to savings and other means of financial support.
Which statement concerning Social Security is false?
a. It was developed in the 1950s
b. It can be supplemented by IRAs
c. It is the primary source of income for those over age 65
d. It faces challenges due to the large number of baby-boomers
a. It was developed in the 1950s
In the United States, ____ percent of people over age 65 report a functional limitation of some kind.
a. 10 c. 30
b. 20 d. 40
d. 40
Sophia, an 80-year-old, lives with her daughter, Dorothy. How many of the following factors put Sophia at risk of elder abuse: Dorothy’s high competence, the potential financial gain Dorothy may receive, Dorothy’s depression, and the fact that Dorothy is single?
a. 1 c. 3
b. 2 d. 4
b. 2
Which of the following is not a possible contributing factor to elder abuse?
a. Social isolation of the elder
b. Caregiver stress
c. Elder’s dependency on others
d. Caregiver’s lack of control
d. Caregiver’s lack of control
The main reason for a person to enter a nursing home is his or her
a. health. c. wealth.
b. age. d. spouse.
a. health.
Which of the following is not an issue regarding caregivers of the elderly?
a. Physical abuse c. Financial exploitation
b. Cohousing d. Neglect
b. Cohousing
In the United States on any given day, about _____ percent of older adults reside in a nursing home.
a. 5 c. 25
b. 15 d. 35
a. 5
Which would not be on a list of risk factors for residing in a nursing home?
a. Over age 85 c. No problems with IADLs
b. Unmarried d. No children
c. No problems with IADLs
Who is the prototypic nursing home resident?
a. Wayland, who is a 75-year-old European-American male
b. Tyehimba, who is a 75-year-old African-American male
c. Rowena, who is an 80-year-old European-American female
d. Aretha, who is an 80-year-old African-American female
c. Rowena, who is an 80-year-old European-American female
An elderly individual with few cognitive or physical limitations but who sometimes requires help with everyday living needs would most likely live in
a. a nursing home. c. skilled nursing care.
b. intermediate care. d. an assisted-living facility.
d. an assisted-living facility.
Suzette lives in a building in which others help her with some everyday living needs. Although she has no severe cognitive or physical disabilities, she appreciates this living arrangement that is best classified as
a. a nursing home. c. skilled nursing care.
b. intermediate care. d. an assisted-living facility.
d. an assisted-living facility.
After 45 years of marriage, Athena now has to take care of her husband, who has a major debilitating disease. Athena is likely to be ____ with her marriage than other older adults who are not caregivers for their spouses.
a. more satisfied c. equally satisfied
b. less satisfied d. satisfied in a different way
b. less satisfied
Compared to nonusers, heavy Internet users tend to have
a. fewer friends online and more friends offline.
b. more friends online and fewer friends offline.
c. fewer friends online and offline.
d. more friends online and offline.
d. more friends online and offline.
Based on the data gathered to date, long-term gay and lesbian partnerships are ____ long-term heterosexual relationships.
a. more loving than c. more sexual than
b. more violent than d. very similar to
d. very similar to
Which statement about marriage is true?
a. Marriage helps people deal more effectively with disabilities
b. Over time, division of labor becomes more gender stereotyped
c. Older married women are much happier about the marriage than their male partners
d. Marital conflict increases significantly in old age
a. Marriage helps people deal more effectively with disabilities
Merlin and Kay are both 69 years old and married. Compared with Karin and Bill, who are 37 years old and married, Merlin and Kay probably
a. have a reduced potential for conflict.
b. have a lower potential for pleasure.
c. are more different from one another in terms of health.
d. exhibit more gender differences in terms of sources of pleasure.
a. have a reduced potential for conflict.
When comparing the average middle-aged married couple with the average older married couple, the older couple is more likely to be characterized as
a. unhappy. c. similar.
b. disengaged. d. docile.
c. similar.
What percentage of online gamers are over age 50?
a. 5 c. 25
b. 15 d. 35
c. 25
One reason that sibling relationships are thought to be so important is that siblings
a. often remain highly involved in each other’s lives.
b. often constitute the longest-lasting relationships.
c. often support each other financially.
d. often use competition to motivate their successes throughout life.
b. often constitute the longest-lasting relationships.
Eve is very close to her siblings, is very involved in their lives, and keeps an average level of contact with them. At what point in her life is Eve’s relationship with her siblings likely to be most important?
a. Early childhood c. Middle adulthood
b. Adolescence d. Late adulthood
d. Late adulthood
When are sibling relationships likely to be the most important?
a. Early childhood c. Middle adulthood
b. Adolescence d. Late adulthood
d. Late adulthood
Sibling relationships are special in that they
a. vary across families.
b. typically last a lifetime.
c. are based on competition.
d. are emotionally based.
b. typically last a lifetime.
As a spouse caring for her Alzheimer’s afflicted husband, Patsy, who has begun to experience a decrease in her marital satisfaction, is likely to be experiencing increased feelings of
a. companionship. c. independence.
b. intimacy. d. depression.
d. depression.
Which ethnic group has the highest percentage of elderly people reporting a disability?
a. European American c. Latino American
b. African American d. Asian American
b. African American
Cameron is having difficulty handling her bank accounts and paying taxes, but competently takes care of her daily needs. Based on this, it seems that Cameron
a. needs assistance with IADLs but not ADLs.
b. needs assistance with IADLs and ADLs.
c. needs assistance with ADLs in a nursing home.
d. needs assistance with ADLs as an outpatient.
a. needs assistance with IADLs but not ADLs.
Being able to take a bath, walk, and eat are all examples of
a. instrumental activities of daily living.
b. activities of daily living.
c. the zone of maximum comfort.
d. the zone of maximum performance potential.
b. activities of daily living.
IADLs differ from ADLs in that
a. IADLs have a higher-level intellectual component.
b. IADLs are necessary for survival.
c. ADLs are more difficult to perform.
d. ADLs are less commonly performed by African Americans.
a. IADLs have a higher-level intellectual component.
Inga lives in a third-world nation. For her, ____ would be considered an IADL.
a. menstruation c. eating
b. sleeping d. planting crops
d. planting crops
In the United States, ____ would be considered an instrumental activity of daily living.
a. walking c. taking a bath
b. opening a door d. purchasing a car
d. purchasing a car
Spousal caregivers whose partners have a significant chronic medical condition tend to
a. regress into the roles they played when the marriage began.
b. be susceptible to getting the same disorder.
c. show reduced levels of marital satisfaction.
d. remember significantly more major hassles than actually occur.
c. show reduced levels of marital satisfaction.
Activities of daily living are best described as tasks
a. demanding above-average intelligence.
b. requiring assistance from others.
c. focusing on nonphysical activities.
d. involving basic self-care needs.
d. involving basic self-care needs.
Frail older adults
a. experience no environmental press.
b. exhibit declining competence.
c. have a decreased need for spiritual support.
d. are more likely to seek a bridge job.
b. exhibit declining competence.
To be accurately classified as a frail older adult, an individual must
a. be very ill and have physical disabilities.
b. have the potential for becoming very ill and have mental disabilities.
c. be over 65 and be under constant medical care.
d. have less than one year to live.
a. be very ill and have physical disabilities.
One positive aspect of becoming a great-grandparent is that it
a. is a sign of social competence.
b. marks a major longevity milestone.
c. indicates that one is not docile.
d. provides a good opportunity for disengagement.
b. marks a major longevity milestone.
Dolores is 73 years old, is very ill, cannot care for herself, and has several physical and psychological problems. Dolores would be best described as
a. patronizing. c. frail.
b. proactive. d. competent.
c. frail.
Levi has just become a great-grandfather. If he is like most other great-grandparents, Levi
a. is looking forward to being a surrogate parent.
b. views being a great-grandparent as a burden.
c. is pleased with the diversion great-grandchildren provide.
d. views himself with the sense that he has lived too long.
c. is pleased with the diversion great-grandchildren provide.
Which statement is true regarding the differences between grandparents and great-grandparents?
a. Grandparents are more likely to develop integrity.
b. The roles of grandparents are more diverse.
c. Great-grandparents are less likely to be proactive.
d. Social convoys are not important for great-grandparents.
b. The roles of grandparents are more diverse.
Chris is a great-grandparent. It is most likely that Chris
a. is a male.
b. married relatively early in life.
c. plays a role similar to that of most grandparents.
d. is highly involved with the great-grandchildren.
b. married relatively early in life.
_____ represent the largest group of those in widowhood.
a. Middle-aged men c. Older men
b. Middle-aged women d. Older women
d. Older women
Women who are recently widowed tend to have ____ than recently widowed men.
a. greater financial loss c. more physical/health problems
b. less social relationships d. less loss of social status
a. greater financial loss
Herb is 73 years old. His family and friends all of a sudden feel uncomfortable around him. Because he feels very uncomfortable going to a restaurant by himself, he often stays at home alone. What has most likely happened to Herb?
a. He has recently lost his social convoy c. He just retired
b. He is experiencing generativity d. His wife recently died
d. His wife recently died
Who is most likely to have the least number of new friends?
a. Bud, who is 20 years old c. Stella, who is 60 years old
b. Linnie, who is 40 years old d. Miller, who is 80 years old
d. Miller, who is 80 years old
All of these individuals are over 70 years old. Who is most likely to be satisfied with their life?
a. Sergi, who has a close relationships with one of his sons
b. Dimitri, who has close relationships with all six of her children
c. Karl, who has a close relationship with one friend who is not a member of his family
d. Ernst, who has a close relationship with many friends who are not members of his family
d. Ernst, who has a close relationship with many friends who are not members of his family
Hanna is a 70-year-old woman who has a choice: she can either go out with some old friends or make some new friends at the community center. Socioemotional selectivity theory would predict that if Hanna’s decision is based on emotional regulation, she will
a. choose to make new friends.
b. go out with her old friends.
c. stay home and see no one.
d. invite her old friends to the community center so that they can all make new friends.
b. go out with her old friends.
Which of the following is not a goal motivating social contact according to socioemotional selectivity theory?
a. Information seeking c. Fear
b. Self-concept d. Emotional
c. Fear
Social contact motivated by emotional regulation tends to lead to
a. stronger family ties.
b. meeting more people.
c. a preference for familiar people.
d. a more diverse social network.
c. a preference for familiar people.
Social contact motivated by information seeking tends to lead to
a. stronger family ties.
b. meeting more people.
c. a preference for familiar people.
d. a more diverse social network.
b. meeting more people.
Concerning satisfaction in retirement,
a. no group has been found to show increased levels of satisfaction in retirement.
b. well-being tends to drop significantly during the first year following voluntary retirement.
c. forced retirement is associated with declines in physical and mental health.
d. early-life social challenges are almost always continued in the retirement years, even if you experience positive interactions in middle adulthood.
c. forced retirement is associated with declines in physical and mental health.
Which statement concerning retirement is true?
a. In recent years, the number of organizations devoted to assisting retirees has declined
b. Participation in leisure activities during retirement tends to result in declines in satisfaction
c. Part-time employment following retirement can be the result of a desire to stay connected to one’s former life/career
d. Retiree volunteerism appears to have little positive impact on society
c. Part-time employment following retirement can be the result of a desire to stay connected to one’s former life/career
In the last few decades, the number of community organizations designed to involve older adults has
a. increased significantly. c. remained stable.
b. increased slightly. d. decreased slightly.
a. increased significantly.
How does a person’s activity level typically change after retirement?
a. The number of paid and volunteer hours both increase
b. The number of volunteer hours increases while the paid hours decrease
c. The number of paid hours increases while the volunteer hours decrease
d. The number of paid and volunteer hours both decrease
b. The number of volunteer hours increases while the paid hours decrease
Which is the best example of a “social convoy”?
a. A newly married couple
b. Generation X
c. Several adult lifelong friends
d. A retired individual who plans to move to a community with other retirees
c. Several adult lifelong friends
Eric has maintained contact with six of his high school friends for the last 60 years. They often get together for activities, to socialize, and to simply spend time together. Eric and his longtime friends would be best described as a(n)
a. zone of maximal performance potential.
b. environmental press.
c. zone of minimal comfort.
d. social convoy.
d. social convoy.
Older women have ________ number of friends characterized by _______.
a. a greater; less intimacy c. a smaller; more intimacy
b. a greater; more intimacy d. a smaller; less intimacy
b. a greater; more intimacy
_______ are more important in later life, especially for men who have lost male friends through death.
a. Male friendships c. Female friendships
b. Cross-sex friendships d. Familial friendships
b. Cross-sex friendships
How does the size of social convoys vary between generations?
a. Young adults have the largest convoys
b. Middle-aged adults have the largest convoys
c. Older adults have the largest convoys
d. Convoy size does not vary by generation
d. Convoy size does not vary by generation
Social support appears to be most important for individuals from the _____ community.
a. European-American c. Asian-American
b. African-American d. Latino-American
b. African-American
A pattern of full-time work, retirement, full-time work, another retirement provides a good example of _____ retirement.
a. crisp c. skilled
b. social convoy d. blurred
d. blurred
Whose behavior best exemplifies a “blurred” retirement process?
a. Ben, who just permanently retired after working 40 straight years at a paper mill
b. Grimm, who has never had an out-of-the-home career and whose workload is not changing significantly
c. Johnny, who retired from a truck-driving job five years ago, then began a career as a commercial fisherman, and is now considering a second retirement
d. Storm, who is unsure as to whether her full-time job as a lawyer is about to end
c. Johnny, who retired from a truck-driving job five years ago, then began a career as a commercial fisherman, and is now considering a second retirement
Which term best describes the retirement pattern of most men?
a. Integrity c. Crisp
b. Blurred d. Socioemotional security
b. Blurred
A “bridge job” is best described as
a. your first part-time job out of high school or college.
b. the highest paying job of your career.
c. a job taken after ending your main career but prior to retirement.
d. a job you take after age 65.
c. a job taken after ending your main career but prior to retirement.
Gene is about to retire after coaching college basketball for 30 years. He has decided that rather than going “cold turkey” on coaching, he will take a low-paying part-time job as a high school coach to help ease him into retirement. Gene’s actions best exemplify
a. a bridge job. c. docility.
b. integrity. d. a social convoy.
a. a bridge job.
“Bridge jobs” are most associated with
a. positive life satisfaction. c. despair.
b. spiritual support. d. socioemotional selectivity.
a. positive life satisfaction.
In the United States, when compared to men, women are more likely to
a. enter the workforce earlier.
b. spend more time in the workforce.
c. spend less time planning their retirement.
d. have more continuous work histories.
c. spend less time planning their retirement.
One interesting gender issue concerning satisfaction in retirement is that
a. satisfied retired wives tend to have been influenced to retire by their husbands.
b. traditional gender roles may create difficulties in older retiring males.
c. finances are only important to male retirees.
d. gender issues have no influence on retirement satisfaction.
b. traditional gender roles may create difficulties in older retiring males.
Concerning gender and retirement,
a. women tend to have a financial advantage at retirement.
b. women tend to prepare more fully for retirement.
c. women are more likely to retire if their husbands are already retired.
d. women are less likely to fully retire.
d. women are less likely to fully retire.
Concerning a partner’s decision to retire,
a. only women tend to greatly influence their partner’s decision to retire.
b. only men tend to greatly influence their partner’s decision to retire.
c. both women and men tend to greatly influence their partner’s decision to retire.
d. neither women nor men tend to greatly influence their partner’s decision to retire.
d. neither women nor men tend to greatly influence their partner’s decision to retire.
Although Dougie has always loved his job, he now finds that it is no longer a challenge. He has done it for so long that he has become bored with it. Because of that, he has been looking for some alternative assignments. Dougie is attempting to better his situation by
a. weakening his environmental press.
b. creating a zone of maximum comfort.
c. making his life less continuous.
d. demonstrating docility.
c. making his life less continuous.
A individual with a sense of _____ continuity would be most likely to say, “I hate my life because every day is just like the last.”
a. No c. a moderate level of
b. too little d. too much
`d. too much
The upper limit of a person’s ability to function in different domains is called
a. zone of maximum comfort c. competence.
b. adaption level. d. continuity.
c. competence.
The comment, “I have been in this line of work for the past 35 years” is best associated with _____.
a. external continuity. c. external discontinuity.
b. internal continuity. d. internal discontinuity.
a. external continuity.
Ever since 70-year-old Kringle was a teenager, he has always seen himself as a “happy and jolly old soul.” This describes an individual with a high level of
a. external continuity. c. external discontinuity.
b. internal continuity. d. internal discontinuity.
6.
b. internal continuity
Al’s statement, “During the last 30 years, my living arrangement pattern would best be described as single to married with children to divorced and on my own,” exemplifies
a. external continuity. c. external discontinuity.
b. internal continuity. d. internal discontinuity.
c. external discontinuity.
Experimenters are attempting to assess the upper limits of Ralph’s physical, sensory-perceptual, cognitive, motor, and personal skills. When they are done, they will have determined Ralph’s
a. proactivity. c. competence.
b. continuity. d. environmental press.
c. competence.
The fact that Kenyon can cope with his current boss’s bad attitude because he has had past experience dealing with similar bosses is best explained by
a. continuity theory. c. the social convoy.
b. mechanics intelligence. d. cross-linking theory.
a. continuity theory
Bannister has run a mile in just under four minutes, which is his best time ever. This would represent his level of ____ for this skill.
a. compliance c. competence
b. docility d. proactivity
c. competence
A university advertises that its goal is to “take all students and help them reach their highest potential.” In other words, the university is attempting to help students reach their level of
a. competence. c. proactivity.
b. proclivity. d. internal continuity.
a. competence.
The demands exerted on one’s self by one’s surroundings defines
a. an environmental press. c. internal continuity.
b. maximum comfort. d. competence.
a. an environmental press.
Continuity theory is based on the premise that
a. change is uncommon in adulthood.
b. daily problems are solved using strategies that have been successful in the past.
c. the maximum level of cognitive abilities is achieved in middle adulthood.
d. environmental demands decline with age.
b. daily problems are solved using strategies that have been successful in the past.
After 35 years of college teaching, Dr. Charpentier has just completed his last class. While he has continued to work at the same strenuous pace through the years, he knows that after today he will never again set foot in the classroom. Dr. Charpentier is contemplating a _____ retirement.
a. blurred c. la fé de la gente
b. crisp d. repetitive
b. crisp
Retirement always involves the loss of
a. integrity.
b. maximum performance potential.
c. autonomy.
d. occupational identity.
d. occupational identity.
A clean break from employment is referred to as a ____ retirement.
a. “cusp” c. “convoy”
b. “crisp” d. “competent”
b. “crisp”
Since he is the next in line for the throne, Prince William must attend formal gatherings nearly every day. Such gatherings represent
a. proactivity. c. environmental press.
b. discontinuity. d. an example of competence.
c. environmental press.
Native Americans tend to view spiritual elders
a. with disdain. c. as gods.
b. as wisdom-keepers. d. with skepticism.
b. as wisdom-keepers.
Which best describes the concept of “la fé de la gente” (faith of the people)?
a. A coping style in which there is heavy reliance on a specific cultural ideology
b. A coping style mandating the use of specific religious rituals
c. A coping style in which one pledges one’s future to a specific church (e.g., “If I get through this, I will become a priest”)
d. A coping style during which a religious conversion to another faith occurs
a. A coping style in which there is heavy reliance on a specific cultural ideology
Who is most likely to say, “We must rely on the faith of the people to get us through these hard times”?
a. Davis, who is European American
b. Ahusaka, who is Native American
c. DeMarcus, who is African American
d. Eduardo, who is Mexican American
d. Eduardo, who is Mexican American
Which statement on race and spirituality is true?
a. Older African-American women view chronic pain as part of God’s plan
b. Older African-American males are virtually uninvolved in church activities
c. European Americans are more committed to their religions than African Americans
d. Religion is a less important resource for European Americans than African Americans
d. Religion is a less important resource for European Americans than African Americans
While attempting to cope with the death of her sister, Megan decides to participate in a spontaneous celebration of life sponsored by a local church. For Megan, this participation is a nice example of the use of a ____ support.
a. Spiritual c. tertiary
b. Secular d. docility
a. Spiritual
How many of the following are part of the definition of spiritual support: seeking pastoral care, expressing faith in a God, participating in organized religious activities?
a. 0 c. 2
b. 1 d. 3
d. 3
When coping with high levels of stress, individuals who rely on spiritual support tend to ____ than those with a small religious commitment.
a. show lower levels of self-esteem
b. demonstrate more discomfort with rigid church dogma
c. report higher states of well-being
d. add to their burden more
c. report higher states of well-being
Which statement about spirituality and health is true?
a. Higher levels of spirituality are associated with better physical and mental health
b. Higher levels of spirituality are associated with better physical but poorer mental health
c. Higher levels of spirituality are associated with better mental but poorer physical health
d. Lower levels of spirituality are associated with better physical and mental health
a. Higher levels of spirituality are associated with better physical and mental health
Which of the following factors is not related to subjective well-being?
a. Hardiness c. Chronic illness
b. Marital status d. Culture
d. Culture
How do changes in the amygdala over time impact the regulation of emotion?
a. Younger adults have higher amygdala activation and lower emotional arousal
b. Younger adults have lower amygdala activation and higher emotional arousal
c. Older adults have higher amygdala activation and lower emotional arousal
d. Older adults have lower amygdala activation and lower emotional arousal
d. Older adults have lower amygdala activation and lower emotional arousal
In general, subjective well-being
a. increases in older age.
b. decreases in older age.
c. increases for older men and decreases for older women.
d. increases for older women and decreases for older men.
a. increases in older age.
According to Krause and colleagues (2000), the first step in the three-step process involved in “turning a problem over to God” involves
a. differentiating things that can be done from those that cannot.
b. focusing on the part of a problem that can be changed.
c. emotionally disconnecting from things that cannot be changed.
d. engaging in prayer in which some bargain or exchange is struck.
a. differentiating things that can be done from those that cannot.
Krause and colleagues (2000) report that the final step in “letting God have it” occurs when someone
a. focuses on how to solve the problem.
b. blames God for all of life’s problems.
c. begins focusing on the belief that God will determine the best outcome of life events.
d. knowing what in life can and cannot be changed.
c. begins focusing on the belief that God will determine the best outcome of life events.
Who is most likely to say, “When I cannot go to church, I feel bad about myself?”
a. Sonny, who is a European-American male
b. Cher, who is a European-American female
c. Ike, who is an African-American male
d. Tina, who is an African-American female
d. Tina, who is an African-American female
Research on subjective well-being across cultures has found that
a. the degree to which age is viewed positively affects well-being.
b. the same factors predict successful aging in other cultures.
c. the factors important in Western cultures differ from those in Eastern cultures.
d. the cultures with more daily stress have poorer well-being.
b. the same factors predict successful aging in other cultures.
Gender differences in subjective well-being are often thought to be due to all of the following factors except
a. prevalence of widowhood.
b. nursing home attendance rates.
c. rates of chronic illnesses.
d. social network quality.
b. nursing home attendance rates.
All of the following individuals are currently in jobs that challenge them to perform at their average level of competence. Who would be entering their “zone of maximum comfort ?”
a. Janet, whose job just got significantly harder
b. Tito, whose job just got slightly harder
c. Jermaine, whose job just got slightly easier
d. Mahalia, whose job just got significantly easier
c. Jermaine, whose job just got slightly easier
The “zone of maximum comfort” is reached when
a. people are right at their adaptation level.
b. environmental press slightly exceeds competence.
c. people are maladaptive.
d. competence slightly exceeds environmental press.
d. competence slightly exceeds environmental press.
Maladaptive behavior is most likely under conditions of
a. high competence and weak environmental press.
b. medium competence and moderate environmental press.
c. low competence and weak environmental press.
d. no competence and no environmental press.
a. high competence and weak environmental press.
The ability to exert control over one’s life underlies a strong sense of
a. docility. c. environmental press.
b. proactivity. d. disengagement.
b. proactivity.
Adaptation level is reached when
a. competence exceeds an environmental press.
b. environmental press exceeds competence.
c. the environmental press makes no demands on competence but competence still exists.
d. the environmental press is at the average state for a given level of competence.
d. the environmental press is at the average state for a given level of competence.
When you are at your “adaptation level,” your
a. behavior and affect are abnormal.
b. behavior is normal and your affect is abnormal.
c. behavior is abnormal and your affect is normal.
d. behavior and affect are normal.
d. behavior and affect are normal.
How do you move from an
Watching his grandchildren for the weekend has increased the environmental press in Hugo’s life slightly, bringing out the best in Hugo’s interpersonal skills. While watching his grandchildren, Hugo is apparently operating
a. at the adaptation level.
b. in the zone of maximum comfort.
c. in the zone of maximum performance potential.
d. in a marginal zone.
c. in the zone of maximum performance potential.
Winnie is a supervisor of several employees. She believes that her employees, though happy on the job, could be producing more than they are. She decides to try to get them into their “zone of maximum performance potential.” What is she going to have to do to accomplish this?
a. Increase their environmental press
b. Increase their competence
c. Increase their sense of continuity
d. Encourage docility
a. Increase their environmental press
Which adaptation level is associated with the greatest happiness and lack of worry about environmental demands?
a. Zone of maximum performance potential
b. The marginal adaptation level
c. Average level of competence and press level
d. Zone of maximum comfort
d. Zone of maximum comfort
Adaptation level is reached when
a. competence exceeds an environmental press.
b. environmental press exceeds competence.
c. the environmental press makes no demands on competence but competence still exists.
d. the environmental press is at the average state for a given level of competence.
d. the environmental press is at the average state for a given level of competence.
After conducting a life review, 85-year-old Gus concludes that his life was riddled with inappropriate actions and basically stunk. Based on this review, Erikson would predict that Gus would
a. be very fearful of death.
b. become proactive.
c. regress back to an earlier stage of life.
d. exhibit generativity.
a. be very fearful of death.
Which of the following is not typically measured in an effort to assess subjective well-being?
a. Life satisfaction c. Stress
b. Happiness d. Self-esteem
c. Stress
When Kayla looks back on her life, she is filled with a sense of pride and feels good about what she’s done. Which term best describes these feelings?
a. Subjective well-being c. Docility
b. Social convoy d. Socioemotional selectivity
a. Subjective well-being
An individual with ____ well-being holds a positive self-evaluation that is based on positive life experiences.
a. dysphoric c. subjective
b. indeterminate d. inverse
c. subjective
Erikson would suggest that 80-year-old ____ has achieved integrity.
a. Elmer, who is highly self-conscious,
b. Christine, who is highly self-affirming,
c. Harold, who has good self-recognition skills,
d. Francis, who has excellent self-monitoring skills,
b. Christine, who is highly self-affirming,
“Socioemotional selectivity” is a term that describes the process involved in
a. arriving at subjective well-being.
b. developing relationships with others.
c. maximizing one’s zone of maximum comfort.
d. mastering instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).
b. developing relationships with others.
Brando is motivated to join a group of strangers at a party when he overhears them taking about a new movie that he is interested in learning about. This best exemplifies the process of
a. activities of daily living. c. patronizing speech.
b. integrity versus despair. d. socioemotional selectivity.
d. socioemotional selectivity.
Celia is motivated to join a support group after her husband died in order to meet others who understand what she is experiencing. This is the result of a motivation related to
a. activities of daily living. c. information seeking.
b. integrity versus despair. d. emotional regulation.
d. emotional regulation.
According to socioemotional selectivity theory, social contact is motivated by a goal, such as
a. information seeking. c. infantilization.
b. discontinuity. d. an altruistic gene.
a. information seeking.
When businessman Eli notices that a lot of deals take place on the golf course, he signs up for golf lessons. Eli is exhibiting
a. docility. c. environmental press.
b. proactivity. d. disengagement.
b. proactivity.
An individual with ____ well-being holds a positive self-evaluation that is based on positive life experiences.
a. dysphoric c. subjective
b. indeterminate d. inverse
c. subjective
Which of the following is not typically measured in an effort to assess subjective well-being?
a. Life satisfaction c. Stress
b. Happiness d. Self-esteem
c. Stress
When Kayla looks back on her life, she is filled with a sense of pride and feels good about what she’s done. Which term best describes these feelings?
a. Subjective well-being c. Docility
b. Social convoy d. Socioemotional selectivity
a. Subjective well-being
Noah is trying to come to grips with the fact that he is very old and doesn’t have long to live. To do this, he thinks of the things he has accomplished, the children he has raised, and the things he has done for the community. Noah is struggling with Erikson’s stage of
a. generativity versus stagnation.
b. integrity versus despair.
c. intimacy versus isolation.
d. initiative versus guilt.
b. integrity versus despair.
Erikson would suggest that 80-year-old ____ has achieved integrity.
a. Elmer, who is highly self-conscious,
b. Christine, who is highly self-affirming,
c. Harold, who has good self-recognition skills,
d. Francis, who has excellent self-monitoring skills,
b. Christine, who is highly self-affirming,
After conducting a life review, 85-year-old Gus concludes that his life was riddled with inappropriate actions and basically stunk. Based on this review, Erikson would predict that Gus would
a. be very fearful of death.
b. become proactive.
c. regress back to an earlier stage of life.
d. exhibit generativity.
a. be very fearful of death.
When elderly people “accept the past,” they tend to ____ than people who do not.
a. be in more despair
b. be less depressed
c. have less subjective well-being
d. act more docily
b. be less depressed
Docility is characterized by a sense of
a. little control. c. high competence.
b. intermediate care. d. proactivity.
a. little control.
The conflict of integrity versus despair is characterized by
a. attempting to make sense out of one’s life.
b. forming an initial sense of identity.
c. a sense of great care for the next generation.
d. developing a sense of trust.
a. attempting to make sense out of one’s life.
As you believe in Erikson’s theory, you would most likely view your 90-year-old grandmother as struggling with a conflict of
a. generativity versus stagnation.
b. integrity versus despair.
c. identity versus role confusion.
d. industry versus inferiority.
b. integrity versus despair.
Hazel is tired of worrying about her new landlord. When her friends tell her to become involved to protect her interests, Hazel says, “It’s too late in the day. Whatever happens, happens. I’ll simply do whatever the landlord says.” Hazel is exhibiting
a. docility. c. adaptation level.
b. proactivity. d. high levels of competence.
a. docility.
