Chapter 16 Flashcards
What did a poll in 2014 find?
75% of Americans think wealthy americans have a better chance at influencing the election process
What did 71% of people say?
campaign contributions by individuals should be limited
What doesn’t the first amendment mention?
Money
what did the US supreme court say in 1976?
Contributions count as speech
How much was spent on 2012 campaign?
6 billion from both parties and supporters
what are others shocked at when entering the US?
the amount of political satire
how many journalists were killed between 1992-2014?
More than 1000 because people disagreed with that they reported
What did a 2014 survey into the world reveal?
that 60 nations allow virtually no freedom of the press, they exercise very tight controls/prosecute or kill journalists. only 1 in 7 people live in a country with freedom of press
What happened during the Iraq War?
Journalists embedded in troops to provide frontline coverage. Committee to protect journalists found 249 killed between 2003-2004
What is the authoritarian model?
C16th- the illiterate needed guidance from the elite. Gov issued printing licenses to those who only agreed with gov agendas. Still present in Asia, Africa promotes social stability and trying to keep the peace.
Communist/State Model?
Controlled by the gov because state leaders believe the press should serve the state’s goals e.g. North Korea
What is the social responsibility model?
Hutchins Commission- examine increasing influence of press- media needs to become more socially responsible
Fourth Estate- unofficial branch of govt, monitors for abuses of power/ on behalf of citizens
what is the libertarian model?
Encourages vigorous government criticism/ no restrictions on anyone’s speech
Censorship as prior restraint- gov cant block an publication until it has actuall been released
Pentagon Papers Case-vietnam war/Progressive Magazine Case-nuclear weapons
What is copyright infringement?
Appropriating persons words or music without consent. Copyright for 14 years which then enters domain- this then extended to authors lifetime
Libel- false statement that holds a person to ridicule e.g. false crime accusations
2 categories of public figures- public celebrities/ individuals who have thrown themselves into public controversy
Public officials have to prove actual malice- reporter actually acted with malice
What is obscenity?
Appeals to prurient interests/describes sexual conduct /lacks value
what is the right to privacy?
Protects individuals peace of mind and personal feelings
What are gag orders/shield laws?
Limit the number of reporters cannot discuss case in public
Shield Laws- reporters don’t have to release where they got controversial information from
what is prior restraint?
government cannot block any publication before it actually occurs
what is the pentagon papers case?
US vietnam policy leaked 1970s
What is libel?
Defaming a persons character. A false statement that holds a person up to ridicule
What is the 1964, Sullivan vs New York times case
Full page ad, criticised southern police tactics to break up civil demonstrations. Sullivan said it defamed him and was awarded 500k but this was reversed, holding that Alabama Libel law violated the times first amendment rights
What are the 2 categories of public figures?
public celebrities/ individuals who have thrown themselves into public controversy
Public officials have to prove actual malice- reporter actually acted with malice
What is actual malice?
Reporter knew what was reported was false
What does Libel also protect?
Satire, comedy, opinions expressed in movies, books plays
