Chapter 16 Flashcards

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0
Q

Adaptation

A

Heritable characteristic that increases an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in it’s environment

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1
Q

Artificial selection

A

Selective breeding of plants and animals to promote desirable traits in the offspring

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2
Q

Fitness

A

How WELL an organism can survive and reproduce in it’s environment

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3
Q

Natural selection

A

Process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully

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4
Q

Biogeography

A

Study of past and present distribution of organisms

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5
Q

Biodiversity

A

Total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere

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6
Q

Homologous structure

A

Structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry

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7
Q

Analogous structure

A

Body parts that share a common function but not structure

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8
Q

Vestigial structure

A

Structure that is inherited from ancestors but has lost much or all of it’s original function

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9
Q

What 3 patterns of biodiversity did Darwin note?

A

Globally
Locally
Overtime

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10
Q

Species vary globally

A

Bird called rhea living in South America that looks and acts like ostriches but they live in Africa; because that different yet ecologically similar animal species inhabited but ecologically similar habitats around globe

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11
Q

Species vary locally

A

Galápagos Islands have turtles and birds that are a different variety
; different yet related animal species often occupied different habitats within a local area

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12
Q

Species vary over time

A

Remains of fossils look like animals we have today ; Some fossils of extinct animals were similar to living species

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13
Q

Darwin

A

Natural selection

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14
Q

Malthus

A

Population growth

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15
Q

Lamarck

A

Heritance of acquired traits

16
Q

Hutton and geological change

A

Time is so long ago it’s too much for humans to handle

17
Q

Lyell

A

Same processes that changed earth in the past are the same ones changing earth rn

18
Q

Compare and contrast natural selection and artificial selection

A

Natural; individuals that already have higher fitness , their population increases
Artificial; must be bred to have characteristics to survive
Both; variations are produced by nature

19
Q

Example of homologous, analogous, vestigial

A

Mammal and amphibian leg
Bird and bee wing
Hipbone of dolphin

20
Q

Evidence for evolution

A

Geographic distribution
Fossil record
Similar embryonic development
Genetic code