Chapter 16-17 Flashcards
What is the name given to the neurons that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic arteries
Chemoreceptors
Where is the cardiovascular center located
Medulla
A (long,short) blood vessels with a (small,large) diameter would have the greatest resistance to blood flow
Long, small
Pulmonary circulation goes from the (right, left) (atrium, ventricle) to the (right, left) (atrium, ventricle)
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Which blood Vessels contain blood with the highest oxygen content
Pulmonary veins
From which major blood vessels do all systemic blood Vessels branch
Aorta
Which circulatory route brings blood to the tissues and back to the heart
Systemic
Which circulatory path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
Hepatic portal
(Arteries, veins) (closest to, farthest from) the heart have the lowest blood blood pressure
Veins, closest to
Vascular resistance is primarily to due which factor?
Friction between blood walls
When the left ventricle contracts, what term is given to the pressure in arteries that is generated
Systolic
In fetal circulation, which structure connects the fetal pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing much blood to bypass the lungs
Ductus artorious
Stimulation of the _____ would cause the heart rate to decrease
Vagus nerve
In the fetus, what is the opening that allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium
Foremen ovale
With aging, cardiac muscle fibers ____ in size
Decrease
Deafness of the body that are present at birth are referred to as ____ immunity
Innate
The feral circulation differs from the adult circulation because of which organ system that is nonfunctional?
Respiratory
As blood passes from the superior and inferior vena cavae to the lungs, it moves through the (right, left) (atrium, ventricle) to the (right, left) (atrium, ventricle) and out through the (pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins)
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Pulmonary trunk
Carry blood away from heart
Arteries
Vessels with high blood pressures
Arteries
Vessels with the fastest flow
Arteries
Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissues
Capillaries
Vessels that return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
Lymphatic vessels
Vessels with slowest blood flow
Capillaries
Vessels with a thick muscle layer
Arteries
Vessels with very thin walls, only have a single layer of cells
Capillaries
Vessels with the smallest internal diameter
Capillaries
Vessels with a very thin muscle layer
Veins
Vessels that exhibit a pulse
Arteries
Vessels that bring blood to almost every cell in the body
Capillaries
Known as “exchange vessels”
Capillaries
What are the cells that migrate to the thymus and when mature are able to attack microbes directly
T-cells
What name is given to blood flow from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary
Blood pressure in measured by listening for a constricted _____ to “pop” open
Artery
The backward flow of fluid in veins and lymphatics is prevented by ____
Valves
The most important function of the circulatory system is to _____ materials to and from all cells
Transport
Which layer of an artery contains thick, smooth muscle?
Middle
Venous blood returns to the heart due to_____ movement me and skeletal muscular contractions
Breathing
Name several blood vessels commonly used to take the pulse
Radial, carotid, brachial, popliteal dorsal
What are the two main methods of capillary exchange?
Filtration and reabsorption
Blood pressure is read with an______
Sphygmomanometer
Blood typically flows from the heart first to _______, then to _____, then to ______
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
What is the structure whose main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue
Capillaries
The force in which blood pushed against arterial walls during ventricular contraction is called _____ blood pressure
Systolic
The hollow center of blood vessels through which blood flows
Luman
Lymph is very similar to the body fluid
Interstitial
Structurally, lymphatic vessels mist resemble theses vessels of the body
Veins
Which blood pressure would be considered to be normal?
108/68
Which type of blood vessel is referred to as a blood reservoir
Veins
The pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber
Left atrium
The exchange of materials between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure
Placenta
Name some factors that vascular resistance related to
Blood viscosity, blood vessel length and radius
At rest, most of the blood is contained in these vessels
Veins
In an overweight person, the factor must likely to increase systemic vessel resistance
Vessel length
A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body
Antigen
Which receptors are involved in monitoring blood pressure
Baroreceptors
