Chapter 16 Flashcards
General Aggression Model
relies on cognitive variables. to explain aggressive reactions
Steps in GAM
- social encounter with potential to trigger aggression occurs
- personal + siutational factors influence brain
- hostile thoughts, emotions, and aggression scripts arise/are cured
- appraisal + decisions are made
- Either thoughtful or impulsive actions occur
behaviour scripts
ways to act that we’ve previously learned or practiced
What would make some people more prone to make hostile associations with situations they encounter?
prior exposure/experiences and having already acted out associated scripts
Name two things aggressive cognition influences
- behaviour scripts
- interpretation of events
reactive aggression
focus on angry + aggressive some boys respond to even mild frustrations or provaocations
Example of reactive aggression?
reaction to mild teasing with a punch
How did psychologists study reactive aggression?
presented boys with a series of hypothetical situations. Found that boys with history of reactive aggression were more likely to see acts as intentional/hostile than non-aggressive boys
When should interference with aggression building begin?
as young as possible
Which gender recalls personal events better?
women
Which gender recalls impersonal information better?
men
Which gender pays more attention to emotions of themselves and other from an early age? What does this lead to?
women
higher likelihood to encode information about themselves in terms of emotions + organize memories around memories
Which gender can recall childhood memories better, regardless of age?
women
Independent self-construals
self-concept is unrelated to cognitive representations they have for others (men)
interdependent self-construals
self-concept is highly related to cognitive representations they have of others + their relationships with these people
Which gender is more likely to define themselves in terms of their relationships?
women
Describe the cognition of a depressed person
more easily to remember sad experiences
difficulty keeping from constantly generating depressing thoughts
rumination
tendency to dwell
Depressive Cognitive Triad
- negative thoughts about self
- higher pessimism about future
- interpretation of ongoing experiences in negative manner
negative schema
cogntive structure containing memories about and associations with depressing events + thoughts
attributional style
how people attribute explanations of experiences
negative cognitive style
individuals who tend to attribute their problems to stable + global/widespread causes
tendency to anticipate the most dreadful consequences
related to depression susceptibility
When is aggression most likely?
situation includes provocation, frustation, or encouragement to act violently
how does aggression begin according to the general aggression model?
Aggression begins with a social encounter that has the potential to trigger aggression
hostile associations across people
Some people are more prone to make hostile associations with situations they encounter than others
automatic aggression and behavioural scripts
- A lot of aggression takes place in an automatic or impulsive manner
- In these cases, highly accessible aggressive scripts can be particularly dangerous
