Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

overt behaviour

A

that which can be observed, predicted, and controlled by scientists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Principles that help explain human behaviour

A

classical conditioning and operant conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

radical behaviourism

A

People do not know the reason for their behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who developed radical behaviourism?

A

B.F. Skinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

begins with an existing stimulus association.
- unconditioned stimulus evokes unconditioned response
- unconditioned stimulus paired with a conditioned stimulus evokes conditioned response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

second-order conditioning

A

building one conditioning stimulus-response association on another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Limitations of Classical Conditioning

A
  • persistence of new S-R association requires occasional pairing or reinforcement of unconditioned/conditioned stimuli
  • extinction of response
  • impossible to create certain S-R bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Law of Effect

A

behaviours more likely to be repeated if they lead to satisfying consequences and less likely if they lead to satisfying consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Purpose of positive reinforcement

A

increase behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do you apply positive reinforcement?

A

give reward following behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Purpose of negative reinforcement

A

increase behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do you apply negative reinforcement?

A

remove aversive stimulus following behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Purpose of Extinction

A

decrease behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you apply exctinction

A

do not reward behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Purpose of Punishment

A

Decrease Behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

reinforcement

A

consequence that increases frequency of a behaviour

17
Q

punishment

A

consequence that decreases the frequency of a behaviour

18
Q

Shaping

A

reinforcement of successive approximations of the desired behavior

19
Q

generalization

A

generalizing a response of a specific stimulus to another stimulus

20
Q

discriminate

A

differentiations between rewarding and non-rewarding behaviour

21
Q

behaviour-environment-behaviour interactions

A

environment influences peoples’ behaviour which in turn determines environment people are a part of

22
Q

behaviour potential

A

likelihood of behaviour responses occurring

23
Q

What does social learning theory rely on?

A

generalized expectancies

24
Q

generalized expectancy

A

belief we hold about how often our actions typically lead to reinforcements/punishments

25
Whose idea was locus of control?
Rotter
26
Equation for Social Learning Theory
Behaviour Potential (BP) = Expectancy + Reinforcement Value
27
reciprocal determinism
external and internal determinants of behaviour are part of a system of interacting influences
28
self-regulation
controls behaviour in absence of external regulations and punishments
29
Social cognitive theory
examines relationship between - Behaviour - external factors (rewards, punishments) - internal factors (beliefs, thoughts, expectations)
30
John B. Watson
demonstrated creation of abnormal behaviours through normal conditioning procedures
31
What happens after the pairing of classical conditioning is removed?
operant conditioning takes over
32
List 3 applications of classical applications
1. eliminate or replace S-R associations that cause clients problems 2. Systematic desensitization 3. Aversion Therapy
33
List 2 applications of operant conditioning:
1. therapist identifies target behaviour and defines it in specific operations 2. Biofeedback
34
How did Watson believe personality formed?
as the end product of our habit systems
35
shaping
successive approximations of the desired behavior are reinforced
36
Who proposed the affective relationship between internal states, environment, and behaviour?
Bandura