Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MIS 301 Semester 2 > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

A term describing the extensive use of data, statistical and quantitative analysis, explanatory and predictive models, and fact-based management to drive decisions and actions.

A

analytics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dynamic ticket pricing use takes off, and teams hope it’ll lure fans back into sports stadiums.

A

dynamic pricing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A type of artificial intelligence that leverages massive amounts of data so that computers can improve the accuracy of actions and predictions on their own without additional programming.

A

machine learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A general term used to describe the massive amount of data available to today’s managers. Big Data are often unstructured and are too big and costly to easily work through use of conventional databases, but new tools are making these massive datasets available for analysis and insight.

A

Big Data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Data presented in a context so that it can answer a question or support decision-making.

A

information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A language used to create and manipulate databases.

A

structured query language (SQL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Insight derived from experience and expertise.

A

knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A single table or a collection of related tables.

A

database

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A type of cloud computing where a third-party vendor manages servers, replication, fault-tolerance, computing scalability, and certain aspects of security, freeing software developers to focus on building “Business Solutions” and eliminating the need to spend time and resources managing the technology complexity of much of the underlying “IT Solution.”

A

serverless computing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A row in a database table. Records represent a single instance of whatever the table keeps track of (e.g., student, faculty, course title).

A

row or record

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A column in a database table. Columns represent each category of data contained in a record (e.g., first name, last name, ID number, date of birth).

A

column or field

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Job title focused on directing, performing, or overseeing activities associated with a database or set of databases. These may include (but not necessarily be limited to): database design, creation, implementation, maintenance, backup and recovery, policy setting and enforcement, and security.

A

database administrator (DBA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A list of data, arranged in columns (fields) and rows (records).

A

table or file

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The most common standard for expressing databases, whereby tables (files) are related based on common keys.

A

relational database

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Raw facts and figures.

A

data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Systems that provide rewards and usage incentives, typically in exchange for a method that provides a more detailed tracking and recording of customer activity. In addition to enhancing data collection, loyalty cards can represent a significant switching cost.

A

loyalty program

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Firms that collect and resell data.

A

data aggregators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Some kind of business exchange.

A

transaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Systems that record a transaction (some form of business-related exchange), such as a cash register sale, ATM withdrawal, or product return.

A

transaction processing systems (TPS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Older information systems that are often incompatible with other systems, technologies, and ways of conducting business. Incompatible legacy systems can be a major roadblock to turning data into information, and they can inhibit firm agility, holding back operational and strategic initiatives.

A

legacy systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A method of querying and reporting that takes data from standard relational databases, calculates and summarizes the data, and then stores the data in a special database called a data cube.

A

online analytical processing (OLAP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A database or databases focused on addressing the concerns of a specific problem (e.g., increasing customer retention, improving product quality) or business unit (e.g., marketing, engineering).

A

data mart

23
Q

A special database used to store data in OLAP reporting.

A

data cube

24
Q

A set of databases designed to support decision-making in an organization.

A

data warehouse

25
Q

The process of identifying and retrieving relevant electronic information to support litigation efforts.

A

e-discovery

26
Q

A set of mostly open source tools to manage massive amounts of unstructured data for storage, extraction, and computation.

A

Hadoop

27
Q

A catch-all term for storage and access technologies used in Big Data. Data lakes are systems that allow for the storage of data in both structured as well as “raw,” “unfiltered” formats. Data lakes also provide the tools to “pipe out” data, filter it, and refine it so that it can be turned into information.

A

data lake

28
Q

Sometimes referred to as cloud data warehousing, this term refers to a cloud service that provides tools to extract and transform data from disparate sources so that it can be interrogated as needed. Unlike data warehouses, data lakes, or similar tools that an organization might run on-site, a data cloud can be spun up to temporarily hold a very large amount of data for short-term use, then disbanded when it is no longer needed. Snowflake is the best known of the many firms providing services in this space.

A

data cloud

29
Q

Extract, Transform, Load—copying data from multiple, disparately organized data sources, transforming (or cleaning) the data into a common format, and loading it into a combined usable format. ETL is a key step in getting data into a data warehouse or data mart.

A

ETL

30
Q

The graphical representation of data and information.

A

data visualization

31
Q

A general purpose programming language that is also popular for data analytics.

A

Python

32
Q

Allow a user to create a query through a point-and-click or drag-and-drop interface, rather than requiring programming knowledge.

A

graphical query tools

33
Q

A heads-up display of critical indicators that allow managers to get a graphical glance at key performance metrics.

A

dashboards

34
Q

A tool to interrogate a data source or multiple sources and return a subset of data, possibly summarized, based on a set of criteria.

A

query tools

35
Q

A programming language specifically created for analytics, statistical, and graphical computing.

A

R

36
Q

Tools that put users in control so that they can create custom reports on an as-needed basis by selecting fields, ranges, summary conditions, and other parameters.

A

ad hoc reporting tools

37
Q

Build a model with so many variables that the solution arrived at might only work on the subset of data you’ve used to create it.

A

over-engineer

38
Q

The process of using computers to identify hidden patterns in, and to build models from, large datasets.

A

data mining

39
Q

Providing customers with a unified experience across customer channels, which may include online, mobile, catalog, phone, and retail. Pricing, recommendations, and incentives should reflect a data-driven, accurate, single view of the customer.

A

omnichannel

40
Q

Reports that provide regular summaries of information in a predetermined format.

A

canned reports

41
Q

Refers to techniques to facilitate organization change, including preparing individuals for change and offering training and support during and after implementation. Change management is especially important in IS use, as many information systems implementations involve radical change to the way a firm conducts business or the way individuals and teams operate within the organization.

A

change management

42
Q

AI technologies that seek an optimal model by transforming or “mutating” an algorithm (versus neural networks, which add weights and mappings to a combination of inputs)—iteratively testing the result and choosing the best outcome.

A

genetic algorithms

43
Q

Statistical techniques used in AI and particularly in machine learning. Neural networks hunt down and expose patterns, building multilayered relationships that humans can’t detect on their own.

A

neural networks

44
Q

A type of machine learning that uses multiple layers of interconnections among data to identify patterns and improve predicted results. Deep learning most often uses a set of techniques known as neural networks and is popularly applied in tasks like speech recognition, image recognition, and computer vision.

A

deep learning

45
Q

Conceived by Alan Turing, a Turing test of software’s ability to exhibit behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, a human being.

A

Turing test

46
Q

A type of artificial intelligence that leverages massive amounts of data so that computers can improve the accuracy of actions and predictions on their own without additional programming.

A

machine learning

47
Q

A type of machine learning where the data used to build models contains data with explicit classifications, but is also free to develop its own additional classifications that may further enhance result accuracy.

A

semi-supervised learning

48
Q

Optical Character Recognition. Software that can scan images and identify text within them.

A

OCR

49
Q

A set of technologies used in the development of AI systems that use a set of programmed decision rules or example outcomes to perform a task in a way that mimics applied human expertise.

A

expert systems

50
Q

Sometimes called unsupervised learning, where systems build pattern-recognizing algorithms using data that has not been pre-classified.

A

self-supervised learning

51
Q

A type of machine learning where algorithms are trained by providing explicit examples of results sought, like defective versus error-free, or stock price.

A

supervised learning

52
Q

Manipulating media without the using artificial intelligence. Examples might include using Photoshop or simply slowing down a video and passing the distortion off as truth.

A

shallowfakes

53
Q

Creates bogus media—images, sound, or video—created by artificial intelligence that distort media in a way that makes it appear that a false event actually took place.

A

deepfake

MIS 301 Semester 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions