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PSYC TEST 4 > CHAPTER 16 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 16 Flashcards

1
Q

The region of the brain that resembles what Sigmund Freud called the superego is:
A) the prefrontal neocortex.
B) the cortex.
C) the limbic system.
D) the temporal cortex.

A

A) the prefrontal neocortex.

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2
Q

The region of the brain that resembles what Sigmund Freud called the id is:
A) the frontal cortex
B) the cortex.
C) the limbic system.
D) the temporal cortex.

A

C) the limbic system.

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3
Q

Huntington disease is caused by:
A) a genetic error.
B) loss of neural connections.
C) progressive cell death.
D) rapid cell death.

A

A) a genetic error.

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4
Q

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by:
A) progressive cell death.
B) rapid cell death.
C) loss of neural connections.
D) genetic alteration.

A

C) loss of neural connections.

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5
Q

Tay-Sachs disease is caused by:
A) loss of neural connections.
B) progressive cell death.
C) rapid cell death.
D) a genetic error.

A

D) a genetic error.

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6
Q

Which of the following is (are) caused by genetic errors?
A) phenylketonuria
B) Huntington disease
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

D) All of the answers are correct.

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7
Q

Korsakoff syndrome is often the result of:
A) traumatic brain injury.
B) a poor diet.
C) a stroke.
D) genetic abnormalities

A

B) a poor diet.

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8
Q

_____ can be treated by diet restrictions such as limiting the intake of foods high in
protein, for example beef, cheese, and fish.
A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Autism
C) Phenylketonuria
D) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A

C) Phenylketonuria

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9
Q

_____ is characterized by decreased neuron size and dendritic length and spine density,
as well as mental retardation.
A) Phenylketonuria
B) Autism
C) Tay-Sachs disease
D) Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

A

C) Tay-Sachs disease

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10
Q

The symptoms of Parkinson disease become apparent when approximately _____ of
cells die in the _____ dopamine pathway.
A) 25 percent to 30 percent; nigrostriatal
B) 35 percent to 50 percent; mesolimbic
C) 60 percent to 80 percent; nigrostriatal
D) 90 percent to 100 percent; mesolimbic

A

C) 60 percent to 80 percent; nigrostriatal

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11
Q

Rats with specific lesions to the nigrostriatal dopamine system are used for a model of:
A) Huntington disease.
B) Parkinson disease.
C) Tay-Sachs disease.
D) multiple sclerosis.

A

B) Parkinson disease.

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12
Q

Epidemiology is the study of:
A) epidemics.
B) bugs.
C) the distribution and causes of diseases in human populations.
D) genetics.

A

C) the distribution and causes of diseases in human populations

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13
Q

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM), which type of disorder is
characterized by physical symptoms (e.g., paralysis) that have been caused by
psychological rather than physical factors?
A) mood disorders
B) dissociative disorders
C) somatoform disorders
D) impulse control disorders

A

C) somatoform disorders

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14
Q

Enlarged ventricles may occur in:
A) schizophrenia.
B) Alzheimer disease.
C) alcoholism.
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

D) All of the answers are correct.

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15
Q

Adult-onset schizophrenia has been linked to:
A) abnormalities in prefrontal cortex.
B) abnormalities in the hippocampus.
C) decreased occipital lobe volume.
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

A) abnormalities in prefrontal cortex.

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16
Q

Which of the following is NOT a treatment for Parkinson disease?
A) deep brain stimulation
B) lesioning the thalamus
C) lesioning the caudate nucleus
D) stimulating the globus pallidus

A

C) lesioning the caudate nucleus

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17
Q

Parkinson disease may be treated by:
A) brain stimulation.
B) brain lesions.
C) pharmacological treatment.
D) brain stimulation, brain lesions, and pharmacological treatment.

A

D) brain stimulation, brain lesions, and pharmacological treatment.

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18
Q

Deep brain stimulation is effective in treating:
A) depression.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) Parkinson disease.
D) All of the answers are correct

A

D) All of the answers are correct

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19
Q

Deep brain stimulation is used to treat Parkinson disease by stimulating the:
A) caudate nucleus.
B) putamen.
C) globus pallidus.
D) substantia nigra

A

C) globus pallidus.

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20
Q

Studies have shown that neural transplantation of stem cells:
A) can be used to cure Parkinson disease.
B) can completely reverse the effects of stroke.
C) can cure Parkinson disease and reverse the effects of stroke.
D) has only limited efficacy.

A

D) has only limited efficacy.

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21
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy was developed as a treatment for:
A) schizophrenia.
B) anxiety attacks.
C) depression.
D) obsessive-compulsive disorders.

A

C) depression.

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22
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy may help treat depression by increasing:
A) the number of new neurons in the brain.
B) levels of glutamate in the brain.
C) levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
D) levels of GABA in the brain.

A

C) levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).

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23
Q

Which of the following treatments has (have) been used to treat depression?
A) insulin therapy
B) electroconvulsive therapy
C) transcranial magnetic stimulation
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

D) All of the answers are correct.

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24
Q

Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been used to treat:
A) depression.
B) schizophrenia.
C) Alzheimer disease.
D) depression and schizophrenia.

A

D) depression and schizophrenia.

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25
Q

Patients who take neuroleptics for long periods may develop:
A) Parkinson disease.
B) tardive dyskinesia.
C) ataxia.
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

B) tardive dyskinesia.

26
Q

_____ is a disorder in which the patient is unable to stop the tongue, hands, or other
body parts from moving.
A) Parkinson disease
B) Ataxia
C) Tardive dyskinesia
D) Schizophrenia

A

C) Tardive dyskinesia

27
Q

Freud is BEST known for developing:
A) behavior therapy.
B) cognitive therapy.
C) psychotherapies.
D) group therapies.

A

C) psychotherapies.

28
Q

_____ can be used to help people learn to change their behavior by changing their
patterns of brain activity.
A) Transcranial magnetic stimulation
B) Functional near infrared spectroscopy
C) Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging
D) Electroencephalography

A

C) Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging

29
Q
  1. The MOST common cause of brain injury in people under 40 is:
    A) meningitis.
    B) traumatic brain injury.
    C) stroke.
    D) aneurysms.
A

B) traumatic brain injury.

30
Q

Traumatic brain injuries are more common in _____ and peak at age _____.
A) women; 15 to 30
B) men; 15 to 30
C) men; 25 to 40
D) women; 15 to 19

A

B) men; 15 to 30

31
Q

Josh played professional football for a number of years, during which he had numerous
concussions. Following his retirement from football, Josh became depressed, had
trouble controlling his temper, and made bad decisions that ended in the breakup of his
marriage. Josh later committed suicide. An autopsy of Josh’s brain revealed that he had
clear signs of:
A) Alzheimer disease.
B) ischemia.
C) chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
D) diaschisis.

A

C) chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

32
Q

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is characterized by:
A) neurofibrillary tangles.
B) amyloid plaques.
C) white matter loss.
D) both neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques.

A

D) both neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques.

33
Q

Repeated concussions have been associated with later development of:
A) Alzheimer disease.
B) chronic traumatic encephalopathy.
C) Parkinson disease.
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

D) All of the answers are correct.

34
Q

The areas of the brain that are MOST susceptible to closed-head injuries are:
A) parietal and temporal lobes.
B) temporal and frontal lobes.
C) frontal and occipital lobes.
D) temporal and occipital lobes.

A

B) temporal and frontal lobes.

35
Q

Samantha was in a car accident yesterday. She hit her forehead directly against the dash,
which resulted in a traumatic brain injury. It is likely that she damaged her:
A) frontal lobe.
B) occipital lobe.
C) both frontal and occipital lobe.
D) temporal lobe.

A

A) frontal lobe.

36
Q

Loss of complex cognitive functions, including reductions in mental speed,
concentration, and overall cognitive efficiency, is characteristic of:
A) recovery from coma.
B) discrete impairment from frontal lobe damage.
C) contrecoup lesions.
D) tears due to movement of the hemispheres.

A

D) tears due to movement of the hemispheres.

37
Q

Closed-head injuries that have significant effects on personality and social behavior are
usually associated with damage to:
A) temporal and parietal lobes.
B) parietal and frontal lobes.
C) frontal and temporal lobes.
D) occipital and frontal lobes.

A

C) frontal and temporal lobes.

38
Q

Ischemia is a:
A) bulge in an artery.
B) bulge in a vein.
C) disruption in blood supply.
D) disruption in blood supply due to bleeding in the brain.

A

C) disruption in blood supply

39
Q

A stroke can produce:
A) changes in pH.
B) diaschisis.
C) a drop in metabolic rate in the brain.
D) All of the answers are correct

A

D) All of the answers are correct

40
Q

During an ischemic stroke, _____ starts a chain of events that result in further brain
damage.
A) excessive intake of calcium
B) excessive release of glutamate
C) reduction of ATP in mitochondria
D) excessive release of GABA

A

B) excessive release of glutamate

41
Q

During a stroke too much _____ enters the neuron, and it has a toxic effect.
A) calcium
B) potassium
C) chloride
D) sodium

A

A) calcium

42
Q

One of the most effective treatments for recovering function in a limb following a brain
injury is:
A) virtual reality therapy.
B) administration of neuroprotectants.
C) t-PA.
D) constraint-induced therapy.

A

D) constraint-induced therapy.

43
Q

The probability of having one seizure in your lifetime is:
A) 1 in 20.
B) 1 in 50.
C) 1 in 100.
D) 1 in 200.

A

A) 1 in 20.

44
Q

_____ seizures might have sensory, motor, or autonomic features that are localized to a
particular part of the body.
A) Focal
B) Generalized
C) Grand mal
D) Complex partial

A

A) Focal

45
Q

Multiple sclerosis primarily damages:
A) motor neurons.
B) sensory neurons.
C) myelin.
D) dorsal root ganglion

A

C) myelin.

46
Q

Which of the following has NOT been proposed as a possible cause of multiple
sclerosis?
A) an autoimmune disorder
B) lack of vitamin B
C) a problem with misfolded proteins
D) insufficient blood drainage from the brain

A

B) lack of vitamin B

47
Q

The liberation therapy for multiple sclerosis is based on the idea that it is caused by:
A) an autoimmune reaction.
B) a lack of vitamin D.
C) improper blood drainage from the brain.
D) a viral infection

A

C) improper blood drainage from the brain.

48
Q

Dementia affects _____ of people over age 80.
A) 10 percent to 20 percent
B) 5 percent to 10 percent
C) 1 percent to 6 percent
D) 30 percent to 50 percent

A

C) 1 percent to 6 percent

49
Q

Resting tremor, muscular rigidity, and involuntary movements are all:
A) positive symptoms of Parkinson disease.
B) negative symptoms of Parkinson disease.
C) negative symptoms of Huntington disease.
D) positive symptoms of Huntington disease.

A

A) positive symptoms of Parkinson disease

50
Q

Parkinson disease seems to be related to degeneration of:
A) the red nucleus.
B) the globus pallidus.
C) the substantia nigra.
D) the caudate.

A

C) the substantia nigra

51
Q

Akathesia is:
A) involuntary movements.
B) muscular rigidity.
C) tremors at rest.
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

A) involuntary movements

52
Q

Festination is:
A) a balance disorder.
B) a motor initiation problem.
C) short, shuffling steps.
D) faster and faster steps that end up in running.

A

D) faster and faster steps that end up in running.

53
Q

Which of the following symptoms is (are) associated with Parkinson disease?
A) loss of libido
B) loss of motive
C) loss of attention
D) All of the answers are correct

A

D) All of the answers are correct

54
Q

Lesioning the internal portion of the globus pallidus has been used as a treatment for:
A) Alzheimer disease.
B) Huntington disease.
C) Pick disease.
D) Parkinson disease.

A

D) Parkinson disease.

55
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles (accumulation of microtubules from dead neurons) have been
observed in:
A) Alzheimer disease.
B) Parkinson disease.
C) Down syndrome.
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

D) All of the answers are correct.

56
Q

Which of the following are neuropathological changes in the brains of patients with
Alzheimer disease?
A) amyloid plaques
B) neurofibrillary tangles
C) Lewy bodies
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

D) All of the answers are correct.

57
Q

The MOST widespread cause of cortical atrophy in Alzheimer disease appears to be loss
of:
A) dendritic arborization.
B) large neurons.
C) glial cells.
D) both large and small neurons.

A

A) dendritic arborization.

58
Q

Which of the following neurotransmitters is (are) reduced in Alzheimer disease?
A) acetylcholine
B) dopamine
C) serotonin
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

D) All of the answers are correct.

59
Q

A circular fibrous structure that forms within a cytoplasm of neurons is called:
A) amyloid plaque.
B) a neurofibrillary tangle.
C) a Lewy body.
D) None of the answers is correc

A

C) a Lewy body.

60
Q

The presence of Lewy bodies has been associated with:
A) Parkinson disease.
B) Alzheimer disease.
C) Down syndrome.
D) both Parkinson and Alzheimer disease.

A

D) both Parkinson and Alzheimer disease.

PSYC TEST 4 (2 decks)

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