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PSYC TEST 4 > CHAPTER 15 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 15 Flashcards

1
Q

If a patient who has had his corpus callosum severed is asked to make patterns using
blocks, he will probably perform the task better with his:
A) left hand.
B) right hand.
C) dominant hand.
D) He will not be able to perform the task at all

A

A) left hand.

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2
Q

Psychological constructs (e.g., attention) can be difficult to localize in the brain because:
A) psychological constructs are often complex and not localized to one area of the
brain.
B) we tend to think of constructs as unitary, but they are actually made up of a number
of distinct processes.
C) the brain is not organized around psychological constructs.
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

D) All of the answers are correct.

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3
Q

Which of the following aspects of language gives humans an advantage in thinking?
A) It provides a means with which to categorize information.
B) It provides a means of organizing time.
C) Language has a syntax (i.e., a set of rules) that allows meaningful utterances to be
generated.
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

D) All of the answers are correct.

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4
Q

A key difference between human language and language in chimpanzees is that:
A) humans can communicate with one another, whereas chimpanzees cannot.
B) human language can be used to warn others about danger, whereas chimpanzee
language cannot.
C) human language has syntax, whereas chimpanzee language does not.
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

C) human language has syntax, whereas chimpanzee language does not

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5
Q

Syntax is the same as:
A) grammar.
B) the stringing together of phonemes to make a word.
C) literal language.
D) oral language.

A

A) grammar.

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6
Q

The development of language in humans might have stemmed from:
A) our development of complex visual abilities.
B) our ability to perform movements in series.
C) the enlargement of the medial temporal lobes.
D) the enlargement of the cingulate cortex.

A

B) our ability to perform movements in series.

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7
Q

Novel sequences of thoughts most likely arise in the:
A) parietal lobes.
B) frontal lobes.
C) temporal lobes.
D) limbic lobes.

A

B) frontal lobes

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8
Q

Which of the following tests would Alex the parrot most likely have been able to
accomplish?
A) counting the number of items on a tray
B) indicating the color of an object
C) identifying when an incorrect object was given to him
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

D) All of the answers are correct.

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9
Q

Cells in visual area V5 are most sensitive to:
A) color.
B) shape.
C) size.
D) movement.

A

D) movement.

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10
Q

n a study by Newsome and associates, monkeys were trained to discriminate directions
of motion while researchers recorded from single neurons in area V5 that were sensitive
to a specific direction of motion. According to the results of this experiment, which of
the following options would result in the highest firing rate in a V5 neuron?
A) random dot movement
B) no dot movement
C) semicoordinated dot movement
D) The firing rate of the neuron would be the same in all conditions.

A

C) semicoordinated dot movement

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11
Q

The association cortex makes up about _____ of the total cortex.
A) one-third
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

A

C) two-thirds

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12
Q

Which of the following brain regions is not considered to be part of the prefrontal
association cortex?
A) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
B) ventromedial prefrontal cortex
C) anterior cingulate cortex
D) All of the regions are part of the prefrontal association cortex.

A

D) All of the regions are part of the prefrontal association cortex.

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13
Q

Temporal association cortex

A

produce cognition related to visual and auditory processing.

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14
Q

Parietal association cortex

A

related to somatosensation and movement control

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15
Q

Frontal association cortex

A

coordinates information coming from the parietal and temporal association regions with information coming from subcortical regions… executive function & planning

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16
Q

Conscious visual knowledge of objects (e.g., shape, size, texture) is stored in the:
A) parietal cortex.
B) occipital cortex.
C) temporal cortex.
D) frontal cortex.

A

C) temporal cortex.

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17
Q

A person who once had knowledge about certain objects now loses visual knowledge of
those objects and also other objects when his _____ is destroyed.
A) parietal cortex.
B) temporal cortex.
C) frontal cortex.
D) occipital cortex.

A

B) temporal cortex.

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18
Q

Visual agnosia results from damage to the:
A) ventral stream.
B) dorsal stream
C) parietal cortex.
D) occipital cortex.

A

A) ventral stream.

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19
Q

The _____ is critical for object recognition, whereas the _____ is critical for vision for
action.
A) ventral stream; dorsal stream
B) temporal cortex; frontal cortex
C) dorsal stream; ventral stream
D) frontal cortex; occipital cortex

A

A) ventral stream; dorsal stream

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20
Q

Anthony can perceive objects normally, but when he reaches out to pick them up, he
often misses the object entirely or grasps it awkwardly. This difficulty with picking up
objects does not appear to be a problem with his muscles, as he can move his arms just
fine. This peculiar disorder is mostly like the result of damage to the:
A) frontal cortex.
B) parietal cortex.
C) temporal cortex.
D) occipital cortex.

A

B) parietal cortex.

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21
Q

How we combine multiple sources of input (e.g., visual, auditory, motor) into a unified
conscious experience is known as the:
A) temporal problem.
B) sensory problem.
C) binding problem.
D) association problem.

A

C) binding problem.

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22
Q

Your ability to imagine what an object would look like from a different viewpoint relies
most heavily on the:
A) parietal cortex.
B) temporal cortex.
C) frontal cortex.
D) occipital cortex.

A

A) parietal cortex.

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23
Q

Spatial navigation relies on:
A) the use of environmental landmarks.
B) the ability to imagine a map of the environment.
C) the ability to mentally manipulate images.
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

D) All of the answers are correct.

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24
Q

Since Henry’s recent stroke he has had a great deal of difficulty navigating around
unfamiliar environments such doctor’s offices and shopping malls. Henry most likely
has damage to his:
A) occipital lobe.
B) right parietal lobe.
C) left parietal lobe
D) ventral stream.

A

B) right parietal lobe.

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25
Q

n the study by Moran and Desimone, the firing rate of neurons in area V4 was highest
when objects:
A) appeared at the rewarded location.
B) appeared at an unrewarded location.
C) appeared anywhere on the screen.
D) changed color anywhere on the screen.

A

A) appeared at the rewarded location.

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26
Q

A person who neglects objects or events in the left side of his or her world most likely
has a lesion in the:
A) left temporal lobe.
B) right temporal lobe.
C) left parietal lobe.
D) right parietal lobe.

A

D) right parietal lobe.

27
Q

Extinction is a form of:
A) apraxia.
B) neglect.
C) aphasia.
D) preservation.

A

B) neglect

28
Q

Alex has recently had a stroke in his right parietal lobe. Which of the following is likely
to describe the deficits he might have?
A) He no longer eats food from the right side of his plate.
B) He can no longer imagine the left side of his own mental images.
C) He routinely bumps into things on his right side.
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

B) He can no longer imagine the left side of his own mental images.

29
Q

Which of the following scenarios is MOST likely to lead to extinction in a patient with a
right hemisphere injury?
A) The patient is shown a pencil in the left visual field.
B) The patient is shown a spoon in the right visual field.
C) The patient is shown a pencil in the left and right visual fields at the same time.
D) The patient is shown a pencil in the left visual field and a spoon in the right visual
field at the same time.

A

C) The patient is shown a pencil in the left and right visual fields at the same time.

30
Q

The temporal organization of behavior is the general function of the:
A) parietal lobes.
B) temporal lobes.
C) frontal lobes.
D) limbic lobes.

A

C) frontal lobes

31
Q

Which of the following is most analogous to an orchestra conductor?
A) temporal lobes
B) frontal lobes
C) parietal lobes
D) occipital lobes

A

B) frontal lobes

32
Q

Which of the following tasks would be difficult for someone with a prefrontal cortex
injury?
A) grocery shopping to prepare for a dinner party that was organized an hour ago
B) understanding a joke
C) recognizing a friend’s face
D) driving to a friend’s house

A

A) grocery shopping to prepare for a dinner party that was organized an hour ago

33
Q

The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is an excellent measure to examine:
A) neglect.
B) extinction.
C) the ability to shift strategy.
D) parietal lobe function.

A

C) the ability to shift strategy.

34
Q

perseveration

A

the tendency to repeat the same verbal or motor response to varied stimuli

35
Q

According to recent work by Gregory Hickok, mirror neurons may be important for
_____ but not for _____.
A) language; action understanding
B) action recognition; action understanding
C) action understanding; action recognition
D) action understanding; language

A

B) action recognition; action understanding

36
Q

Rizzolatti

A

The human capacity to communicate with words may have resulted from evolution of the mirror neuron system.

37
Q

Mirror neurons

A

Cells in the primate premotor cortex that fire when an individual observes a specific action taken by another individual same species or not

38
Q

Using rs-fMRI, scientists have identified approximately _____ networks.
A) 5
B) 13
C) 17
D) 25

A

C) 17

39
Q

Cerebellum accounts for

A

80 percent of the brain’s neurons

40
Q

The human cerebellum is thought to be important for:
A) motor learning.
B) language.
C) working memory.
D) All of the answers are correct.

A

D) All of the answers are correct.

41
Q

Theory of Mind

A

The ability to attribute mental states to others

42
Q

Studies in social neuroscience have suggested that the brain region most important for
theory of mind is the:
A) orbitofrontal cortex.
B) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
C) dorsal premotor cortex.
D) amygdala.

A

B) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

43
Q

The experience of empathy is thought to be related to activity in the:
A) medial prefrontal cortex.
B) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
C) dorsal premotor cortex.
D) amygdala

A

A) medial prefrontal cortex

44
Q

Prefrontal regions are critical in

A

self-regulation.

Children are often poor at self-regulation, which probably reflects the slow development of prefrontal regions responsible for impulse control

45
Q

Research in neuroeconomics has linked activity in the _____ with a reflexive decision
system and activity in the _____ with reflective decision system.
A) nucleus accumbens and ventromedial prefrontal cortex; medial temporal cortex and
lateral prefrontal cortex
B) medial temporal cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex; nucleus accumbens and
ventromedial prefrontal cortex
C) amygdala; ventromedial prefrontal cortex
D) medial temporal cortex and lateral prefrontal cortex; nucleus accumbens

A

A) nucleus accumbens and ventromedial prefrontal cortex; medial temporal cortex and
lateral prefrontal cortex

46
Q

Reflective system:

A

deliberate, slow, rule-driven, and emotionally neutral( lateral prefrontal, medial temporal, and posterior parietal cortex) Many transmitter systems

47
Q

A person who is considered to be impulsive might have increased activity in the _____
when making economic decisions.
A) ventromedial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens
B) lateral prefrontal and medial temporal cortex
C) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
D) posterior parietal cortex

A

A) ventromedial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens

48
Q

Reflexive system:

A

fast, automatic, emotionally biased( ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens) Dopamine mainly

49
Q

Aphasia:

A

impairment in the use of language

50
Q

Apraxia:

A

general impairment in making voluntary movements in the absence of paralysis or a muscular disorder

51
Q

Synesthesia

A

Ability to perceive a stimulus of one sense as the sensation of a different sense, such as when sound produces the sensation of color

Estimated incidence is 1 in 23 people

Tends to run in families

Most common form is colored hearing

52
Q

Which of the following statements about handedness and language is false?
A) Right-handed people have language in the left hemisphere.
B) Seventy percent of left-handers have speech in the left hemisphere.
C) Thirty percent of left-handers have speech in the right hemisphere.
D) Fifteen percent of left-handers have speech in both hemispheres.

A

C) Thirty percent of left-handers have speech in the right hemisphere.

53
Q

Compared with right-handers, left-handers have:
A) a smaller brain.
B) a larger brain.
C) a smaller corpus callosum.
D) a larger corpus callosum.

A

D) a larger corpus callosum. About 11%

54
Q

Your friend tells you that every letter of the alphabet has a distinct color to him. For
example, A is always a specific hue of yellow and G is always baby blue. You believe
your friend:
A) is on drugs.
B) has had a stroke.
C) has synesthesia.
D) has a brain tumor.

A

C) has synesthesia.

55
Q

Which of the following is not an example of genuine synesthesia?
A) Seeing colors when you hear music.
B) Hearing a scratching noise when you see the color red.
C) Tasting a specific flavor when you touch an object.
D) Seeing each letter of the alphabet as a unique color.

A

B) Hearing a scratching noise when you see the color red.

56
Q

Synesthesia is:
A) the same as a phantom limb.
B) anesthesia of a sensory system.
C) anesthesia of a motor output.
D) the experience in which stimulation in one sensory modality gives rise to a
sensation in another modality.

A

D) the experience in which stimulation in one sensory modality gives rise to a
sensation in another modality.

57
Q

The most common form of synesthesia is:
A) colored taste.
B) colored hearing.
C) colored touch.
D) colored pain.

A

B) colored hearing.

58
Q

Overall brain volume is _____ to intelligence.
A) positively related
B) negatively related
C) poorly related
D) linked

A

C) poorly related

59
Q

Witelson and colleagues have found that Einstein’s brain:
A) was virtually identical to a typical brain.
B) had a large temporal lobe.
C) had a large parietal lobe.
D) had a large frontal lobe.

A

C) had a large parietal lobe.

60
Q

Einstein’s brain was found to have more than the normal amount of:
A) neurons in the parietal cortex.
B) neurons in the frontal cortex.
C) glial cells in the parietal cortex.
D) glial cells in the frontal cortex.

A

C) glial cells in the parietal cortex.

61
Q

Gardner (1983)

A

Proposed seven distinct types of intelligence

Linguistic

Musical

Logical–mathematical

Spatial

Bodily–kinesthetic

Intrapersonal

Interpersonal

62
Q

Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner’s intelligences?
A) object intelligence
B) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
C) intrapersonal intelligence
D) spatial intelligence

A

A) object intelligence

63
Q

Frontal lobe injury most likely interferes with:
A) g intelligence.
B) divergent thinking.
C) convergent thinking.
D) consciousness.

A

B) divergent thinking.

64
Q

Temporal and Parietal lobe injury most likely interferes with:
A) g intelligence.
B) divergent thinking.
C) convergent thinking.
D) consciousness.

A

C) convergent thinking.

PSYC TEST 4 (2 decks)

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