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Psychology 201: Exam 4 > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

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1
Q

Clinical psychology

A

The area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders.

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2
Q

Psychotherapy

A

A nonmedical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems.

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3
Q

What are the factors in success of psychotherapy?

A
  1. Therapeutic alliance (monitored)
  2. Therapist expertise and personality
  3. Client active engagement
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4
Q

Psychodynamic therapies

A

Treatments that stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual’s problems.

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5
Q

What were the goals of psychodynamic therapies?

A
  1. Recognize maladaptive coping strategies
  2. Identify sources of unconscious conflicts
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6
Q

Dream analysis

A

A psychoanalytic technique for interpreting a person’s dreams. (manifest vs. latent)

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7
Q

Transference

A

A client’s relation to the psychoanalyst in ways that reproduced or relive important relationships in the individual’s life.

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8
Q

Contemporary psychodynamic therapies

A

More emphasis on conscious, less emphasis on sex.

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9
Q

Humanistic approach: emphasis

A
  1. Conscious thoughts
  2. Self-healing
  3. Self fulfillment
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10
Q

Humanistic approach: goals

A
  1. Self understanding
  2. Personal growth
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11
Q

Client-centered therapy

A

By Carl Rogers and called nondirective self-exploration. The therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client’s self-concept and to encourage the client to gain insight into problems. Active listening and reflective speech. Unconditional positive regard. Empathy and genuineness

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12
Q

Behavior therapies: emphasis

A

Overt behaviors change rather than insights into self or into underlying causes.

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13
Q

Behavior therapies: goals

A

Reduce or eliminate maladaptive behaviors

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14
Q

Systematic desensitization

A

Develop hierarchy of fearful scenes, learn relaxation techniques, and apply relaxation while imagining fearful scenes.

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15
Q

Flooding

A

Intense exposure without allowing aviodance.

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16
Q

Operant Conditioning Techniques

A

Unlearning of maladaptive behavior (OCD) through altered consequences.

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17
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis

A

Positive reinforcement of adaptive behaviors, extinguish maladaptive behaviors, does not depend on gaining insight, particularly effect for ASD.

18
Q

Cognitive therapies: emphasis

A
  1. Thoughts (cognitions) are the primary source of psychological problems
  2. how we think controls how we feel.
  3. Focus on overt problems (unlike Freud).
  4. Structured analysis and specific guidance (unlike Rogers)
19
Q

Cognitive therapies: goals

A

Cognitive restructuring.

20
Q

Ellis’s Rational-Emotive Behavior therapy

A
  1. Irrational and self-defeating beliefs
  2. Eliminate these beliefs through rational examination
  3. Directive, persuasive, controntational
21
Q

Beck’s cognitive therapy

A
  1. Illogical automatic negative thoughts
  2. Identify and challenge automatic thoughts
  3. Reflective, open-ended dialogue, less directive
22
Q

Cognitive-behavior therapy

A

Goal of developing self-efficacy
1. Reducing self-defeating thoughts
2. Incorporates behavior therapy
3. Self-instructional methods

23
Q

Self-instructional methods

A

Cognitive-behavior techniques aimed at teaching individuals to modify their own behavior

24
Q

Integrative therapy

A

Use of a combination of techniques from different therapies based on the therapist’s judgement of which particular methods will provide the greatest benefit for the client. Ex: dialectical behavior therapy for borderline personality disorder

25
Q

Biological therapies: definition and common forms

A

Reduce/ eliminate symptoms by altering body functioning. Common forms: drug therapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and psychosurgery

26
Q

Antianxiety drugs

A

Drugs that reduce anxiety by making the individual calmer and less excitable; commonly known as tranquillizers.

27
Q

Antidepressant drugs

A

Drugs that regulate mood. Types are tricyclics, tetracyclics, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

28
Q

Tricyclics

A

Three-ringed molecular structure, believed to work by increasing the level of certain neurotransmitters, especially norepinephrine and serotonin.

29
Q

Tetracyclic

A

Increase the levels of both norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain.

30
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

MAO. They block monoamine oxidase, an enzyme that breaks down serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.

31
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

Interfering on with the reabsorption of serotonin in the brain

32
Q

Lithium

A

The lightest of the soldi elements of the periodic table of elements, widely used to treat bipolar disorder.

33
Q

Antipsychotic drugs

A

Powerful drugs that diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns in individuals with a severe psychological disorder, especially schizophrenia.

34
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy

A
  1. Small electric current produces a brief seizure.
  2. Used to treat major depressive disorder which has not responded to other treatments.
  3. Deep brain stimulation
  4. TMS
35
Q

Psychosurgery

A

A biological therapy, with irreversible effects, that involves removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve the individual’s adjustment.

36
Q

Sociocultural approaches: emphasis

A

Influence of various social/cultural factors

37
Q

Group therapy

A

A sociocultural approach to the treatment of psychological disorders that brings together individuals who share a particular psychological disorder in sessions that are typically led by a mental health profession.

38
Q

Family therapy

A

Group therapy with family members

39
Q

Couples therapy

A

Group therapy with married or unmarried couples whose major problem lies within their relationships.

40
Q

Self-Help Support Groups

A

Conducted by paraprofessionals.

41
Q

Community Mental Health

A

Deinstitutionalization (rise in homelessness), prevention, empowerment.

42
Q

Cross-Cultural Competence

A

A therapist’s assessment of his or her ability to manage cultural issues in therapy and the client’s perception of those abilities.

Psychology 201: Exam 4 (4 decks)

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