Chapter 16 Flashcards
Signaling molecules are
Diverse
What kind of hormone diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind to
intracellular receptors located in the cytoplasm
Steroid
cannot pass through the plasma membrane and instead bind to cell surface receptors
Amino acids, peptides, and proteins
can produce different effects in different cells by
using different receptors and intracellular pathways
Acetylcholine
Cortex matters in…
Cell signaling
Fast signal response occur with changes in the…
Activity of an Intracellular profein
Slow signal responses occur in changes in…
Transcription/translation (need time for protein synthesis)
The location of a receptor depends on the
Nature of signal
Hydrophilic signals bind to
Cell surface receptors
Hydrophobic signals cross the __ and bind ___ receptors
Hydrophobic, Intracellular
Hydrophobic hormones are derivatives of
Cholesterol or tyrosine
With steroid hormone signaling the receptor may be in the
Cytoplasm or nucleus
If cytoplasmic, hormone
binding stimulates
movement to
Nucleus
Steroid hormone signaling regulates…
Transcription of target genes
a stress hormone secreted by the adrenal gland
that stimulates metabolism in many target tissues & also
suppresses the immune system
Cortisol
sex hormone secreted by the ovary that induces and maintains secondary female sexual characteristics
Estrogen
sex hormone secreted by the testis that induces and maintains secondary male sexual characteristics
Testosterone
The androgen receptor (AR) binds
Testosterone
The AR gene is located on the __ chromosome
X
Dissolved gases also cross the plasma membrane directly via
Diffusion
made in endothelial cells
diffuses into smooth
muscle cells
Nitric oxide (NO)
Induces smooth muscle relaxation
NO
Nerve releases
Acetylcholine
binds to a receptor on
the surface of an endothelial cell and stimulates synthesis
and release of NO
Acetylcholine