Chapter 15 Vocabulary List Flashcards
clinical psychologists
focus on treating people who have “psychological disorders”
counseling psychologists
more likely to work with people experiencing “problems of everyday living”
psychiatrists
an M.D. who specializes in mental health, including substance use disorders
-primarily w/ biomedical therapies, but also insight therapies
insight therapies
a client-centered type of talk therapy that can help you better understand yourself better
psychoanalysis
treats mental conditions by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind that bring repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind
free association
the practice of allowing the patient to discuss thoughts, dreams, memories, or words freely
dream analysis
dreams represent wish fulfillment, unconscious desires, and conflicts
resistance
largely unconscious defensive maneuvers intended to hinder the progress of therapy
transference
when clients start relating to their therapists in ways that mimic critical relationships in their lives
client-centered therapy
an insight therapy that emphasizes providing a supportive emotional climate for clients, who play a major role in determining the pace and direction of their therapy
group therapy
the simulatneous treatment of several clients in a group
couples/marital therapy
the simultaneous treatment of several clients in a group
family therapy
the treatment of a family unit as a whole, in which the main focus on family dynamics and communication
behavior therapies
the application of the principles of learning and conditioning to direct efforts to change clients’ maladaptive behaviors (assumes that behavior is a product of learning, what has been learned can be unlearned)
systematic desensitization
behavior therapy used to reduce clients’ phobic responses
exposure therapies
clients confronted with situations they fear so they learn that these situations are really harmless
social skills training
behavior therapy designed to improve interpersonal skills that emphasize modeling, behavioral rehearsal, and shaping
cognitive-behavioral treatments
uses combinations of verbal interventions and behavior modification techniques to help clients change maladaptive patterns of thinking
cognitive therapy
uses specific strategies to correct habitual thinking errors that underlie various types of disorders
biomedical therapies
physiological interventions intended to reduce symptoms associated with psychological disorders
antianxiety drugs
reduce tension, apprehension, and nervousness (Valium and Xanax)
antipsychotic drugs
used to gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, including hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, delusions
tardive dyskinesia
a neurological disorder marked by involuntary writhing and tic-like movements of the mouth, tongue, face, hands, or feet
antidepressant drugs
gradually elevate mood and help bring people out of a depression
mood stabilizers
drugs used to control mood swings in patients with bipolar mood disorders
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
biomedical treatment which electric shock is used to produce a cortical seizure accompanied by convulsions
Eclecticism
drawing ideas away from two or more systems of therapy instead of committing to just one system
mental hospital
a medical institution specializing in providing inpatient care for psychological disorders
deinstitutionalization
transferring the treatment of mental illness from inpatient institutions to community-based facilities that emphasize outpatient care
placebo effects
when a person’s physical or mental health appears to improve after taking a placebo or ‘dummy’ treatment
regression toward the mean
the tendency for extremely high or extremely low scores to become more moderate (closer to the mean) upon retesting over time
