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Human Sexual Behaviour > Chapter 15 - Variations in Sexual Behaviour > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - Variations in Sexual Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What is the statistical definition of “normal” sexual behavior?

A

Define “normal” in terms of prevalence of a sexual behavior and in terms of statistics.

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2
Q

What is the socio-cultural approach to define “normal” sexual behavior?

A

Sexual “norms” of a specific culture define what is acceptable and unacceptable.

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3
Q

What is another definition of “normal” sexual behavior based on consent?

A

Any behavior that does not cause harm to any person.

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4
Q

What does “Para” mean? (2 points)

A
  • The side of
  • Deviation
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5
Q

What does “Philos” mean? (2 points)

A
  • Love
  • Attraction
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6
Q

What is a Paraphilia?

A

Strong and atypical arousal in response to atypical stimuli evidenced by fantasies, urges, or behaviors for a period of 6 months or longer.

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7
Q

What is a Paraphilic Disorder?

A

Paraphilia that is currently causing distress or impairment to the individual; causing personal harm or risk of harm to others when acted upon.

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8
Q

What is “abnormal” sexual behavior?

A

It is considered “abnormal” when the strength of preference for fetish object falls under “Necessity”.

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9
Q

According to the DSM, what is Criterion A? Give an example.

A
  • Describes the paraphilias
  • Ex: Flashing genitals + enjoy receiving pain
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10
Q

According to the DSM, what is Criterion B? Give an example.

A
  • Specifies the negative consequences of such a behavior
  • Ex: Harm to others + coming in conflict w/ the law + personal distress + occupational functioning
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11
Q

Which DSM Criteria are necessary to diagnose a paraphilic disorder?

A

Criteria A + B

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12
Q

What are the 2 categories that divide paraphilias + paraphilic disorders?

A
  1. With consenting partners
  2. With non-consenting partners
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13
Q

What are Courtship Disorders?

A
  • A disturbance of developing partnered sexual activity phases (looking for a partner, talking to/approaching a partner, non-genital physical touching, and sexual intercourse)
  • People who lack the proper social skills to approach sex in a consenting manner
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14
Q

List 3 types of Courtship Disorder.

A
  1. Voyeuristic disorder
  2. Exhibitionistic disorder
  3. Frotteuristic disorder
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15
Q

What is Voyeuristic disorder?

A
  • A recurrent and intense arousal from observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, disrobing, or engaging in sex
  • Intense arousal is due to the fact that the other person isn’t aware of being observed at
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16
Q

How is Voyeuristic Disorder considered a disorder? (3 points)

A
  • Individual has acted upon sexual behavior with a non-consenting person
  • When urges + fantasies cause significant distress
  • When the person is unable to get sexually aroused without observing an unsuspecting person who is naked, disrobing, or engaging in sex
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17
Q

What is Exhibitionistic disorder? (3 points)
What type of reaction is an exhibitionist hoping for in his victims?

A
  • Intense arousal from exposing one’s genitals to an unsuspecting person
  • Called “indecent exposure”
  • Most common law-breaking sexual acts (in men than women)
  • The perpetrator is expecting for their victim to be aroused when seeing their exposed genitals
18
Q

What is Telephone Scatologia? (2 points)
What are its’ consequences (victim + legal)?

A
  • Form of verbal exhibitionism
  • A person gets excited by making sexually explicit phone calls and masturbating during or afterward
  • Can threaten to come to victim’s house + be charged w/ sexual harassment + stalking
  • Can pose as police + sexual researchers to coerce victims into talking about sex
19
Q

What is Frotteuristic Disorder?

A
  • Sexual arousal from fantasizing about or actually engaging in rubbing against a non-consenting person
  • Male perpetrator + female victim
  • Occurs in crowded public areas where the perpetrator can say it was accidental
20
Q

What is Toucherism?

A

Touching lovingly someone without their knowing or consent

21
Q

What is Pedophilic disorder?
Who are pedophiles exclusively attracted to?
What makes it diagnosable?

A
  • Pedophiles are attracted to children who are below the age of puberty
  • Attracted to exclusively children or children + adults
  • By simply having urges + fantasies w/ children
22
Q

What is BDSM?

A
  • Referred as “kink”
  • Consensual activities
  • Emphasis on etiquette + safety
  • Pain outside of a set sexual script is not arousing for people who engage in BDSM
23
Q

What does BDSM stand for?

A
  • Bondage + discipline
  • Domination + submission
  • SadoMasochism
24
Q

Name examples of play scripts.

A
  • Master = top
  • Slave = bottom
25
Q

What is Sadism?

A

Inflicting pain

26
Q

What is Masochism?

A

Receiving pain

27
Q

What is Sadomasochism?

A

Sexual sadism + masochism

28
Q

What is Sexual Sadism Disorder?
How is it classified as a disorder? (2 points)

A
  • Pleasure from inflicting pain/suffering on others
  • Person inflict pain on non-consenting person
  • Person is troubled by their sadistic sexual urges + fantasies
29
Q

What is Sexual Masochism Disorder?
Who’s work was it based on? Provide the year.
How is it classified as a disorder?

A
  • Intense arousal from being made to suffer + being beaten + humiliated
  • In 1886, by Richard von Krafft-Ebing based on Sacher-Masoch’s novels about his fantasies
  • Sexual urge to be hurt causes significant personal impairment or distress
30
Q

What are fetiches?
How are they classified as a disorder?

A
  • Persistent + repetitive use/dependence on non-living objects or a specific body part (e.g.: leather + feet)
  • Disorder when it causes significant personal distress (e.g.: unable to function sexually w/o the object)
31
Q

What is a transvestic fetish?
How is it considered a disorder?
What is a transvestic fetish w/ fetishism?
What is a transvestic fetish w/ autogynephilia?

A
  • For at least 6 months, recurrent + intense sexual arousal from cross-dressing as manifested by fantasies + urges + behavior
  • Disorder when it has to be accompanied by significant distress + functional impairment
  • W/ fetishism –> aroused by fabrics + materials + garments
  • W/ autogynephilia –> if sexually aroused by thoughts of image of self as female
32
Q

What is the difference between Transvestism and Drag Queens?

A

Drag queens cross-dress for entertainment purposes whereas people w/ transvestism cross-dress to enhance sexual arousal.

33
Q

What is Hypersexuality? (4 points)

A
  • An excessive sex drive that leads people to continually pursue sexual encounters despite negative repercussions
  • Associated w/ risk-taking activities (smoking + drinking + drug use)
  • May be related to impulse control issue
  • No diagnosis for “sex addiction”
34
Q

List 2 theories that explain paraphilias + paraphilic disorders.

A
  1. Psychoanalytic theory
  2. Behavioral theory
35
Q

What is the Psychoanalytic theory? (3 points)

A
  • Paraphilias may arise from castration anxiety + oedipus complex
  • Courtship disorders may be caused by sexual abuse + early trauma
  • Less secure attachment in pedophilia
36
Q

What is the Behavioral theory? (3 points)

A
  • Paraphilias occur through classical conditioning
  • Sexual arousal occurs w/ paraphilic object –> sexual arousal is accidentally associated w/ it
  • The media sexualizes items + objectifies women
37
Q

What type of “cognitive issues” are common in pedophiles that justify their behaviours? Give an example.

A

Pedophiles use cognitive distortion to justify their offenses against children:
- The child seduced me
- I’m not doing anything wrong –> people have had sex w/ children for centuries –> society is too uptight

38
Q

Name the different types of treatments that are commonly used to treat paraphilic disorders.

A
  1. Satiation therapy
  2. Orgasmic reconditioning
  3. Aversion therapy.
39
Q

What is Satiation therapy? (3 points)

A
  • Redirecting sexual impulses to a more desirable target through masturbation
  • Masturbate to an appropriate fantasy, then masturbate again to the undesired fantasy
  • It decreases sex drive on 2nd masturbation attempt –> experience will feel less exciting
40
Q

What is Orgasmic reconditioning?

A
  • Process where an individual is about to orgasm, they are switched to a more appropriate object of desire.
41
Q

What is Aversion therapy?

A
  • Linking fantasies w/ unpleasant stimulus (e.g bad smell + electric shocks)
42
Q

Which psychological theory are Satiation therapy, Orgasmic reconditioning, and Aversion therapy based on?

A

Based on Classical Conditioning (pairing Neutral stimulus + Unconditioned stimulus results in conditioned response)

Human Sexual Behaviour (2 decks)

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