Chapter 15 - Transport Sytems in Organisms

Question 1

What is the transport system in humans made up of?

Answer 1

Heart, blood, blood vessels

Question 2

Blood is made up of 3 different substances. What are these substances?

Answer 2

Red blood cells, plasma, white blood cells and platelets

Question 3

What is the function of the red blood cell?

Answer 3

Transports oxygen to different parts of the body

Question 4

What is the function of the plasma?

Answer 4

Transports water & dissolved substances such as digested food, mineral salts & waste products to different parts of the body.

Question 5

What are the functions of the other components of blood? (white blood cells & platelets)

Answer 5

It serves a protective function

Question 6

What are the 3 main types of blood vessels?

Answer 6

Artery, vein & capillaries

Question 7

What is the function of the artery?

Answer 7

Carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart and blood rich in digested food which is absorbed from the small intestine

Question 8

What is the function of the vein?

Answer 8

Carries oxygen-poor blood towards the heart

Question 9

What is the function of the capillaries

Answer 9

Acts as the site of exchange of substances
(e.g. digested food, gases, waste substances)
(has very thin walls)

Question 10

How does blood flow through the kidney, heart and lungs?

Answer 10

Kidney to (deoxygenated blood) heart to (deoxygenated blood) lungs to (oxygenated blood) heart to (oxygenated blood) kidney

Question 11

What is the plant transport system made of?

Answer 11

2 types of tissues, xylem and phloem

Question 12

What is the function of the xylem?

Answer 12

Transports water & mineral salts from the roots to all parts of the plant
In an upward direction

Question 13

What is the function of the phloem?

Answer 13

Transports sugar from the leaves to all parts of the plants.
In both an upward and downward direction.

Question 14

Define diffusion.

Answer 14

The net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

Question 15

Define osmosis

Answer 15

A process where molecules of a solvent pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.

Question 16

What is an organ transplant?

Answer 16

A medical procedure carried out to replace a damaged organ.

Question 17

Consideration of organ transplant: Respect for persons

Answer 17

Is the donor able to make their decision willingly?

Has the donor given full information about organ donation to make their decision?

Question 18

Consideration of organ transplant: Justice

Answer 18

What criteria is used to ensure fairness in the allocation of organs?

Question 19

Consideration of organ transplant: Minimal harm & maximised benefits

Answer 19

To what extent will the patient’s quality of life be improved?

Will it increase the chances of the patient’s survival?

Any alternative treatments available to the patient waiting for an organ transplant

Should age be considered when allocating an available organ to a potential recipient, why’s this so?