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Pure Chemistry (Sec 3 + 4) > Chapter 15 - The Reactivity Series > Flashcards

Chapter 15 - The Reactivity Series Flashcards

1
Q

In the reactivity series, how are metals arranged?

A

From most reactive to least reactive

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2
Q

State all the metals of the reactivity series (include the 2 non metals)

A

1) Potassium Please
2) Sodium Stop
3) Calcium Calling
4) Magnesium Me
5) Aluminium A
6) Carbon Cute
7) Zinc Zebra
8) Iron I
9) Tin Totally
10) Lead Like
11) Hydrogen Hwa
12) Copper Chong
13) Silver Sexy
14) Gold Girls
15) Platinum Period

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3
Q

The order of reactivity can be determined by the ____ of reactions of metal with ____, ____, ____?

A

1) Cold water
2) Steam
3) Dilute hydrochloric acid

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4
Q

When a metal reacts with cold water what are the products?

A

Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen

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5
Q

What is a hydroxide?

A

A compound that contains a metal ion (e.g., Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺) and hydroxide ions (OH⁻)

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6
Q

What are the 4 metals that react with cold water?

A

Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium
Zinc to silver no reaction

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7
Q

How does potassium react with cold water?

A

Reacts extremely violently to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Enough heat is produced to cause hydrogen gas to catch fire and explode
2K(s) + 2H2O (l) –> 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g)

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8
Q

How does sodium react with cold water?

A

Reacts violently to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Hydrogen gas may catch fie and explode
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) —> 2NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)

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9
Q

How does calcium react with cold water?

A

Reacts readily to form calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas
Ca(s) + 2H2O(l) —> Ca (OH)2(aq) + H2(g)

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10
Q

How does magnesium react with cold water?

A

Reacts very slowly with cold water to form magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. A test tube of hydrogen gas is produced after a few days
Mg(s) + 2H2O (l) —> Mg(OH)2(s) + H2(g)

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11
Q

Most reactive metals can react with ____ and ____
Moderate reactive metals can only react with ____
Least reactive metals cant react with ____

A

Most reactive metals can react with cold water and steam
Moderate reactive metals can only react with steam
Least reactive metals cant react with both

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12
Q

What are the products when metal and steam react?

A

Metal oxide + Hydrogen gas

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13
Q

What is a metal oxide?

A

A metal oxide is a compound containing a metal ion (e.g., Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺, Al³⁺) and oxygen (O²⁻) ions

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14
Q

How does potassium react with steam?

A

Reacts explosively

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15
Q

How does sodium react with steam?

A

Reacts explosively

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16
Q

How does calcium react with steam?

A

Reacts explosively

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17
Q

How does magnesium react with steam?

A

Hot magnesium reacts violently with steam to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas. A bright white glow is produced during the reaction
Mg(s) + H2O(g) —> MgO(s) + H2(g)

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18
Q

How does zinc react with steam?

A

Hot zinc reacts readily with steam to produce zinc oxide and hydrogen. Zinc oxide is yellow when hot and white when cold
Zn(s) + H2O(g) —> ZnO(s) + H2(g)

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19
Q

How does iron react with steam?

A

Red-hot iron reacts slowly with steam to form iron oxide. The iron must be constantly heated for the reaction to progress
3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) <—–> Fe3O4(s) + 4H2

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20
Q

What are the metals that react with steam?

A

Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron
Lead to silver no reaction

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21
Q

What are the metals that react with dilute hydrochloric acid?

A

Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron
Lead to silver no reaction

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22
Q

How does potassium react with HCl?

A

Reacts explosively

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23
Q

How does sodium react with HCl?

A

Reacts explosively

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24
Q

How does calcium react with HCl?

A

Reacts violently to give hydrogen gas

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25
Q

How does magnesium react with HCl?

A

Reacts rapidly to give hydrogen gas

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26
Q

How does zinc react with HCl?

A

Reacts moderately fast to give hydrogen gas

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27
Q

How does iron react with HCl?

A

Reacts slowly to give hydrogen gas

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28
Q

How does lead react with HCl?

A

The initial reaction between lead and HCl forms an insoluble layer of lead(II) chloride which coats the lead and prevents further rection. Hence lead does not appear to react with HCl

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29
Q

All metals above ____ react with dilute HCl to produce ____ ____

A

hydrogen, hydrogen gas

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30
Q

What can the reactivity series be used to predict?

A

1) The behavior of a metal from its position in the reactivity series
2) Position of an unfamiliar metal in the reactivity series from a given set of experimental results

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31
Q

What is reduction of metal with carbon?

A
  • This process is used to extract metals from their oxides by removing oxygen from the metal oxide.
  • Carbon is more reactive than some metals, so it can take away oxygen from metal oxides, leaving behind pure metal.
  • Carbon is oxidised (gains oxygen and metal is reduced (lose oxygen)
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32
Q

What is the word equation to represent the reduction of metal oxides with carbon?

A

Metal oxide + carbon —>(heat) —> Metal + Carbon dioxide

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33
Q

Only metal oxides below ____ can be reduced by carbon

A

carbon

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34
Q

What is the relationship between position of metal in the reactivity series and how readily the reduction of metal occurs?

A

The lower the metal is in the reactivity series from carbon ,the more readily the reduction of metal oxide will occur

35
Q

What is reduction of metal with hydrogen?

A
  • Hydrogen can also be used to reduce metal oxides.
  • Instead of carbon taking the oxygen, hydrogen does takes oxygen, forming water (H₂O) instead of CO₂ or CO.
  • Used for metals that react too easily with carbon
  • Carbon is oxidised (gains oxygen) and metal oxide is reduced (lose oxygen)
36
Q

What is the word equation to represent reduction of metal oxides with hydrogen?

A

Metal oxide + hydrogen —> Metal + steam

37
Q

Hydrogen is able to reduce oxides of metals from ____ and below

A

iron

38
Q

A ____ reactive metal has a ____ tendency to form ____ compared to a less reactive metal

A

A more reactive metal has a greater tendency to form cations compared to a less reactive metal. (This is why when potassium reacts with water, it loses electrons readily to form positive ions

39
Q

What kind of metals can displace what kind of metal from its salt solution?

A

More reactive metals can displace any less reactive metal

40
Q

What is the relationship between the reactiveness of a metal whether they gain or lose electrons

A
  • The atoms of a more reactive metal loses electrons to form positive ions that enter the solution
  • The ions of a less reactive metal in the solution gain electrons and are discharged as atoms of an element

(e.g. Iron displaces copper from copper(II) sulfate, forms iron (II) sulfate. BUT if copper foil is dipped into iron (II) sulfate, no reaction occurs)

41
Q

A more ____ metal in the reactivity series can displace a less ____ metal from its oxide

A

reactive
- Atoms of a more reactive metal loses electrons to form positive ions to combine with oxygen
- ions of the less reactive metal in the oxide gains electrons and are discharged as atoms of an element

42
Q

How does magnesium react with zinc nitrate?

A

Solution remains colourless. Grey deposit of zinc formed on magnesium

43
Q

How does magnesium react with copper(II) nitrate?

A

Solution remains colourless. Red-brown deposit of copper formed on magnesium

44
Q

How does magnesium react with lead(II) nitrate?

A

Solution remains colourless. Grey deposited of lead formed on a magnesium

45
Q

How does magnesium react with iron(II) nitrate?

A

Pale green solution turns colourless. Grey deposit of iron formed on magnesium

46
Q

How does zinc react with magnesium nitrate?

A

No change is observed

47
Q

How does zinc react with copper (II) nitrate?

A

Blue solution turns colourless. Red-brown deposit of copper formed on zinc

48
Q

How does zinc react with lead (II) nitrate?

A

Solution remains colourless. grey deposit of lead formed on zinc

49
Q

How does zinc react with iron (II) nitrate?

A

Pale green solution turns colourless. Grey deposit of iron formed on zinc

50
Q

How does copper react with any nitrate?

A

No change is observed

51
Q

How does lead react with magnesium nitrate?

A

No change is observed

52
Q

How does lead react with zinc nitrate?

A

No change is observed

53
Q

How does lead react with copper (II) nitrate?

A

Blue solution turns colourless. Red-brown deposit of copper formed on lead

54
Q

How does lead react with lead (II) nitrate?

A

No change is observed

55
Q

How does lead react with iron (II) nitrate?

A

No change is observed

56
Q

How does iron react with magnesium nitrate?

A

No change is observed

57
Q

How does iron react with zinc nitrate?

A

No change is observed

58
Q

How does iron react with copper (II) nitrate?

A

Blue solution turns pale green. Red-brown deposit of copper formed iron

59
Q

How does iron react with lead (II) nitrate?

A

Colourless solution turns pale green. Green deposit of lead formed on iron

60
Q

Why is a metal displacement reaction a redox reaction?

A

The more reactive metal is oxidised while the less reactive metal is reduced
(e.g.
Mg(s) + Cu2(aq) + –> Mg2+ (aq) + Cu(s)
Magnesium oxidised, copper reduced)

61
Q

When a displacement of metal occurs, what changes can be observed?

A

1) Deposit of solid metal
2) Colour of solution changes

62
Q

A more reactive metal can ____the oxide of a less reactive metal

A

reduce

63
Q

The atoms of a ____ reactive metal will lose electrons to form ____ to combine with oxygen

A

more, cations

64
Q

The ions of a ____ reactive metal in the oxide will gain electrons and are ____ as atoms of an element

A

less, discharged
(e.g. Zinc forms cations more readily than copper. So in an experiment with a mixture of zinc powder and copper (II) oxide, zinc ions react with oxygen ions from copper (II) oxide to form zinc oxide. If zinc oxide and copper powder were added together no reaction would occur. The more reactive metal DISPLACES the less reactive metal from its oxide)

65
Q

If a carbonate compound is decomposed upon strong heating, what does it produce?

A

Oxide and carbon dioxide
(metal + carbonate (s) —> metal oxide (s) + carbon dioxide (g))

66
Q

The more reactive the metal in the carbonate, the ____ the resistance to decompose by heating

A

greater. They are very heat stable

67
Q

Carbonates containing ____ ____ ____/ higher up in the reactivity series are generally heat stable and do not ____ easily upon strong heating

A

Carbonates containing group 1 metals are generally heat stable and do not decompose easily upon strong heating

68
Q

The carbonates of metals below ____ in the RS decompose to form ____ and ____

A

The carbonates of metals below sodium in the RS decompose to form oxides of metals and carbon dioxide

69
Q

For ____ carbonate, the ____ oxide is thermally unstable which further decomposes to form ____

A

silver

70
Q

Ores exist as what?

A

Oxides, carbonates, sulfides

71
Q

What are the 2 ways to extract metals from ores?

A

Reducing the metal compound to the metal using carbon
Electrolysis

72
Q

Metals ____ in the RS, compounds are very ____ to break down

A

high, difficult (only done by electrolysis). While those in the mid to bottom can be extracted by reducing their oxides with carbon

73
Q

What is the word equation for reduction of metallic oxides with carbon?

A

Oxide of metal + Carbon —> Metal + Carbon dioxide

74
Q

What is the chemical name for rust?

A

Hydrated iron (III) oxide

75
Q

Rust only occurs in the presence of ____ and ____

A

Water and oxygen

76
Q

What is the word equation for rusting?

A

Iron + Oxygen + water —> Hydrated iron (III) oxide

77
Q

Is rusting oxidation or reduction?

A

Oxidation. Iron gains oxygen

78
Q

Rust is formed on the surface of iron and steel objects that ….

A

easily crumbles into a powder. When the rust flakes are off, more iron exposed to form rust until metal is destroyed

79
Q

When does speed of rusting increase?

A

When salt or acidic condition is present

80
Q

What are the 2 ways to prevent rusting?

A

1) Barrier method
2) Sacrificial protection

81
Q

What are the methods to provide a barrier by forming a protective layer by preventing water and oxygen from coming into contact with iron?

A

1) Painting (large objects)
2) Greasing (machinery)
3) Plastic coating (small objects)
4) Tin-Plating (used in food containers)
5) Chrome-Plating

82
Q

What is sacrificial protection?

A

Protection of iron and steel against rusting by using a more reactive metal like zinc

83
Q

What are some sacrificial protection methods?

A

1) Galvanising (dip iron into molten zinc to coat the iron and protect the iron by corroding in place of the iron)
2) Attaching a more reactive metal (attaching blocks of more reactive metal such as zinc to iron to corrode in place of iron)

Pure Chemistry (Sec 3 + 4) (11 decks)

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