Chapter 04 - Chemical Bonding Flashcards
What is chemical bonding?
When atoms of the same or different types chemically join together
Why do atoms bond?
To achieve stable electronic configurations of noble gases
What is a chemical bond?
A very strong bond between atoms, the bonding depends on the valency of the atoms
What are the 3 types of bonding?
1) Ionic bonding
2) Covalent bonding
3) Metallic bonding
What do noble gases have? (5 magic words)
Fully filled valence electron shells
How is helium different from the other noble gases?
Helium has a duplet electronic configuration (one electron shell, fully filled with 2 electrons)
Other noble gases has an octet electronic configuration (8 electrons in outermost shell)
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another atom
Ionic bonding is always between a ____ ____ and a ____
Metal and non-metal
What are ionic bonds?
Mutual electrostatic attractive forces that hold ions of opposite charges together tightly in a compound
Metals form ____ by ____
Non-metals form ____ by ____
Metals form cations by losing electrons
Non-metals form anions by gaining electrons
What is the compound that contains ionic bonds called?
Ionic compound
Is an ionic compound electrically neutral?
Yes, ionic compounds are electrically neutral as they have no net charge, the sum of positive charges and negative charges are the same
(e.g. In MgO (magnesium oxide), the magnesium ion, Mg 2+, has a charge pf 2+ while the oxide ion, O2, has a charge of 2-)
What structure do ionic compounds have
Giant ionic crystal lattice structure - 3D structure consisting of uncountable alternating positive and negative ions
Ionic compounds are held together by ____ ____ and consist of ions of ____ charges
Ionic bonds, opposite
“When they say a positive ion already attached to a negative ion, can still attract other negative ions”. True or false?
True. Each cation is surrounded by 6 anions. This also works the other way round.
What is a valency?
The number of electrons lost, gained or shared to be stable
What is covalent bonding?
Covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons equally between atoms of non-metals to attain stable electronic configuration
What is the chemical bond between covalent molecules called?
Covalent bond
What does the number of covalent bonds between atoms depend on?
The number of pairs of shared electrons
E.g.
Single bond: One pair (H-H)
Double bond: Two pairs (O=O)
Triple bond: Three pairs (N—-N)
What to atoms of metal elements do?
They lose their valence electons to become positive ions
Metallic bonding can only occur between ____ ____
Metallic bonding can only occur between metal atoms
What do the lost valence electrons form?
‘A sea of delocalised electrons’/ ‘A sea of mobile electrons’ which are free to move about between the positive ions
In metals, the metallic lattice consists of ____ ____ surrounded by a ____ ____ ____ ____
positive ions, sea of delocalised electrons
What are the metallic bonds known as?
Strong electrostatic attractive force between positively charged ions and the ‘sea of electrons’
