Chapter 04 - Chemical Bonding

Question 1

What is chemical bonding?

Answer 1

When atoms of the same or different types chemically join together

Question 2

Why do atoms bond?

Answer 2

To achieve stable electronic configurations of noble gases

Question 3

What is a chemical bond?

Answer 3

A very strong bond between atoms, the bonding depends on the valency of the atoms

Question 4

What are the 3 types of bonding?

Answer 4

1) Ionic bonding
2) Covalent bonding
3) Metallic bonding

Question 5

What do noble gases have? (5 magic words)

Answer 5

Fully filled valence electron shells

Question 6

How is helium different from the other noble gases?

Answer 6

Helium has a duplet electronic configuration (one electron shell, fully filled with 2 electrons)
Other noble gases has an octet electronic configuration (8 electrons in outermost shell)

Question 7

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 7

Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another atom

Question 8

Ionic bonding is always between a ____ ____ and a ____

Answer 8

Metal and non-metal

Question 9

What are ionic bonds?

Answer 9

Mutual electrostatic attractive forces that hold ions of opposite charges together tightly in a compound

Question 10

Metals form ____ by ____
Non-metals form ____ by ____

Answer 10

Metals form cations by losing electrons
Non-metals form anions by gaining electrons

Question 11

What is the compound that contains ionic bonds called?

Answer 11

Ionic compound

Question 12

Is an ionic compound electrically neutral?

Answer 12

Yes, ionic compounds are electrically neutral as they have no net charge, the sum of positive charges and negative charges are the same
(e.g. In MgO (magnesium oxide), the magnesium ion, Mg 2+, has a charge pf 2+ while the oxide ion, O2, has a charge of 2-)

Question 13

What structure do ionic compounds have

Answer 13

Giant ionic crystal lattice structure - 3D structure consisting of uncountable alternating positive and negative ions

Question 14

Ionic compounds are held together by ____ ____ and consist of ions of ____ charges

Answer 14

Ionic bonds, opposite

Question 15

“When they say a positive ion already attached to a negative ion, can still attract other negative ions”. True or false?

Answer 15

True. Each cation is surrounded by 6 anions. This also works the other way round.

Question 16

What is a valency?

Answer 16

The number of electrons lost, gained or shared to be stable

Question 17

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 17

Covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons equally between atoms of non-metals to attain stable electronic configuration

Question 18

What is the chemical bond between covalent molecules called?

Answer 18

Covalent bond

Question 19

What does the number of covalent bonds between atoms depend on?

Answer 19

The number of pairs of shared electrons
E.g.
Single bond: One pair (H-H)
Double bond: Two pairs (O=O)
Triple bond: Three pairs (N—-N)

Question 20

What to atoms of metal elements do?

Answer 20

They lose their valence electons to become positive ions

Question 21

Metallic bonding can only occur between ____ ____

Answer 21

Metallic bonding can only occur between metal atoms

Question 22

What do the lost valence electrons form?

Answer 22

‘A sea of delocalised electrons’/ ‘A sea of mobile electrons’ which are free to move about between the positive ions

Question 23

In metals, the metallic lattice consists of ____ ____ surrounded by a ____ ____ ____ ____

Answer 23

positive ions, sea of delocalised electrons

Question 24

What are the metallic bonds known as?

Answer 24

Strong electrostatic attractive force between positively charged ions and the ‘sea of electrons’