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Science > Chapter 15 sections 1-4 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 sections 1-4 Flashcards

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1
Q

The most common atmospheric gas is

A

nitrogen

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2
Q

phytoplankton and plants produce atmospheres

A

oxygen

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3
Q

most water in the atmosphere is in

A

water vapor

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4
Q

at sea level a square inch of surface area is under almost how many pounds of pressure

A

15

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5
Q

gas molecules in the atmosphere are pulled toward the earth by

A

gravity

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6
Q

The measure of the force with which air molecules push on the surface is called

A

Air pressure

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7
Q

explain what happens to air pressure as you move away from the earth surface

A

there are fewer gas molecules

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8
Q

explain why parts of the atmosphere are warmer than others

A

there a different chemicals in different atmospheres

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9
Q

The coldest layer of the atmosphere

A

mesosphere

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10
Q

atmosphere layer including the ozone layer

A

stratosphere

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11
Q

layer of atmosphere closest to earth

A

troposphere

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12
Q

uppermost layer of the atmosphere

A

thermosphere

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13
Q

electrically charged particles are

A

ions

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14
Q

in polar regions ions radiate energy is shimmering lights called

A

Auroras

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15
Q

explain what from what process produces the greenhouse effect

A

atmospheric gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide absorbed thermal energy and radiate it back to earth the gas is function like the glass walls and roof of a greenhouse allowing solar energy to enter and preventing thermal energy from escaping

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16
Q

The balance between incoming solar energy and outgoing energy radiated into space is called

A

radiation balance

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17
Q

The gradual increase in average global temperature is called

A

Global warning

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18
Q

what are greenhouse gases

A

greenhouse gases are gases that absorb thermal energy in the atmosphere

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19
Q

what human activities may increase the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

A

The burning of fossil fuels and deforestation

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20
Q

what causes differences in air pressure

A

unequal heating of the earth

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21
Q

The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure is called

A

Wind

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22
Q

Air is warmer and less dense than surrounding air at the equator because the equator receives more

A

Solar energy

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23
Q

high pressure areas are created around the poles as cold air

A

sinks

24
Q

after high pressure areas are created on the polls cold polar air flows toward

A

The equator

25
Q

large circular patterns of air movement are called

A

convection cells

26
Q

bands of high-pressure low-pressure found every 30BO of latitude are called

A

pressure belts

27
Q

when the paths of winds and ocean currents seem to curve because of the earths rotation it’s called the

A

Coriolis effect

28
Q

when’s that blow from 30° latitude in both hemispheres almost to the equator

A

Tradewinds

29
Q

The area around the equator where tradewinds meet

A

doldrums

30
Q

when does formed is called sinking air moves from the post to 60° north and 60° South latitude

A

polar easterlies

31
Q

Wind belts that extend between 30BO and 60° latitude in both hemispheres

A

westerlies

32
Q

narrow belts of high-speed wins in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere are called

A

jet streams

33
Q

what is an example of a local wind

A

Mountain breezes

34
Q

explain how geographic features can cause local winds

A

Geographic features such as mountains or shoreline can cause local winds by temperature differences

35
Q

The contamination of the atmosphere by the introduction of pollutants from human and natural sources is

A

primary pollutants

36
Q

examples of primary air pollutants are carbon monoxide smoke and

A

gas from cars

37
Q

explain how secondary pollutants are formed

A

secondary pollutants form from chemical reactions that occur when primary pollutants come in contact with other pollutants

38
Q

List two examples of secondary pollutants

A

ozone and smog

39
Q

what is one reason that goes on your the earths surface is dangerous

A

ozone can damage the lungs

40
Q

how is smog formed

A

smog forms once sunlight reacts with ozone and vehicle exhaust

41
Q

what is one way local geography plays a part in smog formation in Los Angeles

A

Los Angeles is almost completely surrounded by mountains that trap pollutants and contribute to smog formation

42
Q

how much of the human caused air pollution in the United States is caused by cars

A

60%

43
Q

List two sources of industrial air pollution

A

Burning fossil fuels and production of chemicals

44
Q

what are two ways to reduce indoor air pollution

A

ventilation limiting the use of chemical solvents and cleaners

45
Q

acid precipitation contains rain sleet or snow with a high concentration of acids that come from

A

Air pollution

46
Q

when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide oxide combined with water in the atmosphere they form

A

sulfuric acid and nitric acid

47
Q

when I said precipitation causes the acidity of soil to increase it is called

A

acidification

48
Q

A rapid change in the acidity of a body of water is called

A

acid shock

49
Q

how long do CFC molecules remain active in the atmosphere

A

60 to 120 years

50
Q

what is the main problem caused by the ozone hole

A

The ozone hole allows more UV radiation to reach the earth surface

51
Q

what is one reason the ozone hole is dangerous to humans

A

UV radiation damage genes and causes skin cancer

52
Q

what are three effects of air pollution on human health

A

Air pollution can cause chest pains lung cancer and allergies

53
Q

in the United States the logic of the Environmental Protection Agency the authority to control the amount of air pollution is the

A

clean air act

54
Q

what are two method industries use to reduce air pollution

A

industries may use pollution control devices such as scribers; industrial plants may burn more efficiently so fewer pollutants are released

55
Q

what are two ways car manufacturers are using to reduce air pollution

A

car menu facture’s place catalytic converters in cars to reduce pollution from exhaust; they make cars that run on hydrogen or natural gas; they make hybrid cars that use both gasoline and electric Power

56
Q

what are two ways people can reduce pollution from vehicles

A

people can carpool, use public transportation, bike or walk

57
Q

A mixture of gases surrounding a planet is the

A

atmosphere

Science (2 decks)

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