Chapter 15 Review

Question 0

The three elements that make up all regulations

Answer 0

1. ) grant of power and set of directions from congress
2. ) a set of rules and guidelines by the regulatory agency itself
3. ) some means of enforcing compliance with congressional goals and agency regulations

Question 1

Myths and realities of bureaucracies

Answer 1

1. ) Americans dislike bureaucrats
2. ) Bureaucracies are growing bigger each year
3. ) Most federal bureaucrats work in Washington DC
4. ) bureaucracies are ineffective and always mired in red tape

Question 2

Bureaucracy

Answer 2

Max Webers-hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle, and behaves with impersonality bureaucracies govern modern states

Question 3

Policy implementation

Answer 3

The stage of policymaking between the establishment of a policy and the consequences of the policy for the people whom it affects. Implementation involves translating the goals and objectives of a policy into an operating ongoing program

Question 4

Patronage

Answer 4

One of the key inducements used by political machines. A patronage job, promotion or contract is one that is given for political reasons rather than for merit or competence alone

Question 5

Why is it hard to fire a civil servant?

Answer 5

To keep civil servants away from the political process or from politics

Question 6

Plum jobs

Answer 6

Top federal jobs (policymaking posts) they are appointed

Question 7

What is the largest segment of the federal bureaucracy as far as number of employees and as far as money spent?

Answer 7

Department of defense, the most money is social security which includes human services

Question 8

Red tape

Answer 8

All the paperwork that must be filled out. Most people don’t enjoy this

Question 9

SOP’s

Answer 9

Standard operating procedures used by bureaucrats to bring uniformity to complex organizations. Uniformity improves fairness and makes personnel interchangeable

Question 10

Iron triangles

Answer 10

A mutually dependent relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committee or subcommittee. Iron triangles dominate some areas of domestic policy making

Question 11

What example does the book give of a very successful bureaucratic program or policy?

Answer 11

Voting rights act 1965

Question 12

Street level bureaucrats

Answer 12

A phrase coined by Michael Lipsky referring to those bureaucrats who are in constant contact with the public and have considerable administrative discretion

Question 13

Define and give and example of command-and-control policy

Answer 13

According to Charles Schultze, the existing system of regulation whereby government tells businesses how to reach certain goals, check that these commands are followed, and punishes offenders. Example: permits, liscense

Question 14

Fragmentation

Answer 14

Division of responsibility

Question 15

Administrative discretion

Answer 15

The authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem. Discretion is greatest when routines or standard operating, procedures, do not fit a case

Question 16

Hatch Act

Answer 16

Federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics

Question 17

How many people are employed as a part of the federal bureaucracy?

Answer 17

2.7 million

Question 18

Merit system

Answer 18

The idea that hiring should be based on entrance exams and promotion ratings to produce administration by people with talent and skill

Question 19

Independent regulatory agencies

Answer 19

A government agency responsible for some sector of the economy, making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest. It also judges disputes over these rules

Question 20

How many cabinet departments are there?

Answer 20

15

Question 21

Deregulation

Answer 21

The lifting of restrictions on business industry, and professional activities for which government rules had been established and that bureaucracies had been created to administer

Question 22

Graph on civilian government employees

Answer 22

Number of federal employees haven’t grown, but the state and local have grown each year

Question 23

How prevalent are bureaucracies?

Answer 23

Very prevalent! Bureaucracies are everywhere

Question 24

In general what are people’s attitudes toward bureaucracies?

Answer 24

Most people don’t like bureaucracies (negative) but most people have positive interactions with bureaucracies

Question 25

Pendleton civil service act

Answer 25

Passed in 1883, an act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage