Chapter 15 - Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

Acidosis

A

The build up of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness.

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2
Q

Adventitious breath sounds

A

Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles.

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3
Q

Alkalosis

A

The build up of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids.

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4
Q

Allergen

A

A substance that causes an allergic reaction.

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5
Q

Anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)

A

An extreme, life-threatening, systematic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.

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6
Q

Asthma

A

An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages.

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7
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs.

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8
Q

Bronchial breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi.

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9
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

Inflammation of the bronchial is that usually occurs in children younger than two years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.

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10
Q

Bronchitis

A

And acute or chronic inflammation of the lungs that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on it’s cause, sometimes fever.

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11
Q

Carbon dioxide retention

A

A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer response to high blood levels of carbon dioxide.

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12
Q

Carbon monoxide

A

And odorless, colorless, tasteless, and highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion.

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13
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such a smoke.

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14
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction.

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15
Q

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A

A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation.

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16
Q

Crackles

A

Crackling, rattling breath sound signaling fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; formerly called rales.

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17
Q

Croup

A

And inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children.

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18
Q

Diphtheria

A

An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx.

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19
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

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20
Q

Embolus

A

A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage.

21
Q

Emphysema

A

A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

22
Q

Epiglottitis

A

A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction.

23
Q

Hay fever

A

An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis.

24
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal.

25
Q

Hyperventilation syndrome (panic attack)

A

This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. The respirations of a person who is experiencing hyperventilation syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths/min or as low as only 20 very deep breaths/min.

26
Q

Hypoxia

A

A condition in which the body’s cells and tissues do not have enough oxygen.

27
Q

Hypoxic drive

A

A condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive; seen in patients with chronic lung diseases.

28
Q

Influenza type A

A

Virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain.

29
Q

Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

A

A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs.

30
Q

Orthopnea

A

Severe dyspnea experience when lying down and relieved by sitting up.

31
Q

Oxygenation

A

The process of delivering oxygen to the blood.

32
Q

Pandemic

A

An outbreak that occurs on a global scale.

33
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

Severe shortness of breath, especially at night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe.

34
Q

Pertussis (whooping cough)

A

And airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than six years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a “whoop” sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection.

35
Q

Pleural effusion

A

A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung.

36
Q

Pleuritic chest pain

A

Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura.

37
Q

Pneumonia

A

An infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue.

38
Q

Pneumothorax

A

A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space.

39
Q

Pulmonary edema

A

A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure.

40
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.

41
Q

Respiration

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

42
Q

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. RSV is highly contagious and spreads through droplets.

43
Q

Rhonchi

A

Coarse breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the airways.

44
Q

Small-volume nebulizer

A

A respiratory device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as a treatment for conditions such as asthma.

45
Q

Stridor

A

A harsh, high-pitched, barking inspiratory sound often heard in acute laryngeal (upper airway) obstruction.

46
Q

Tuberculosis (TB)

A

A disease that can lay dormant in a persons lungs for decades, then reactivate; many strains are resistant to antibiotics. TB is spread by cough.

47
Q

Ventilation

A

Exchange of air between the lungs and the environment, spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, such as an EMT.

48
Q

Vesicular breath sounds

A

Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli.

49
Q

Wheezing

A

Hey high-pitched, whistling breath sound, characteristically heard on expiration in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.