Chapter 15 quiz Flashcards
peasants seeking a better life alongside spiritual freedom - wrote to luther
the 12 grievances
fought to force all of Germany back to romanism
Charles V
in this luther appealed to the nobles for justice and the peasants for patience - the peasants in germany were left in a worse state than before
peasants revolt
first protestant confession of faith
augsburg confession
a treaty giving official approval for a territorial - state established church system in germany
peace of augsburg
after what would each prince decide his areas religion
peace of augsburg
any attempt to prevent any catholics from becoming protestants while forcing as many protestants back to romanism as possible
the counter reformation
used torture and terror to obtain confessions of heresy
inquisition
books which catholics were prohibited to read (protestant writings, vernacular bible, etc.)
index of prohibited books
a group of men absolutely dedicated to the pope
jesuits
spanish soldier who was inspired by the saints
Ignatious Loyola
systematically reaffirmed Romanists doctrines
the council of trent
member of the powerful Hapsburg family, inherited Spain Austria Netherlands, portions of Italy, and Luxembourg
Charles 1 (he became Charles V)
Charles V’s son who inherited Spain and the Netherlands
Phillip 11
Charles V’s brother who inherited the Holy Roman Empire
Ferdinand
more powerful ruler than his father - he controlled much of the earth’s surface - England defeated his “invincible armada”
Phillip II
last ruler of the golden age
Phillip II
in 1500 who was the leading nation of Europe
Portugal
introduced the Portuguese inquisition (aka persecuting the Jews)
King John III
who drove farmers from their land, incorporated slavery, and increased debt
King John III
who contributed their language literature, and oranges, lemons, cattle and horses
the Spanish
spaniard who wrote “Don Quixote”
Miguel de Cervantes
portuguese author who wrote “Os Lusiadas”
Luis de Camoes
aka holland or belgium - means lowlands
Netherlands
dam like barriers of earth and stone
dikes
what were people from the netherlands called
dutch or hollanders
readily accepted the reformation under the control of Charles V the first two Protestants martyrs were Dutch
dutch reformation
very cruel leader of the spanish troops - known for council of blood
Duke of Alva
became leader of the repressed dutch patriots
William the silent aka Prince of Orange
when did the dutch have a reformed church
1571
northern provinces who declared the netherlands to be independent from spain in 1581
united provinces of the netherlands
during what group’s reign were the ties to romanism ended and protestantism established
Tudors
first tudor king of england (war of roses)
Henry VII (7)
who made the first printed bible in 1500s
William Tyndale
had many wives including Catherine of Aargon, Anne Boleyn, and Jane Seymour - he also didn’t agree w Luther getting the “defender of the faith” title
Henry VIII (8)
who was declared “the single protector and supreme lord” in 1531
Henry VIII (8)
what passed declaring Henry VIII the “supreme head” of the English church
Act of Supremacy
who became king at such a young age other protestant men were forced to stand in for him?
Edward VI
the protestant archbishop of canterbury who led first for Edward VI
Thomas Cranmer
who were the other two regents who helped cranmer?
Nicholas Ridley - scholar
Hugh Latimer- preacher
made up of prayers to be spoken or even sung
book of common prayer
first daughter of Henry VIII who became queen after Edward VI’s death - she was Catholic
Mary Tudor aka Bloody Mary
who married Phillip Ii of Spain and martyred 300 protestants earning the name bloody mary
Mary tudor
who wrote the book of martyrs congaing the names of the people killed by Mary?
John Foxe
for her character and performance as a ruler this person was given the affectionate nickname “Good queen Bess”
Elizabeth I
a series of laws which officially established many protestant doctrines
Elizabeth settlement
who became queen of Scotland at a week old giving her the nickname “queen of scots”
Mary stuart
scheming mother who brought in french troops and sent mary to marry francis of france
mary of guise
outstanding leader of the scottish reformation- captured enslaved rescued exiled
John Knox
employed to build new england navy
sir john hawkins
skilled sea captain - first englishman to circumnavigate the globe
Sir Francis Drake
church of england
anglican church
said they wanted to purify the church of england
puritans
wanted to separate from the church altogether
separatists
mary stuart’s mischieve caused her to abdicate the throne to who
James VI - her infant son
perhaps the greatest naval force the world has ever seen later defeated in 1588
invincible armada
england basked in the light of glory under good queen bess
elizabethan age
aka mini england renaissance
elizabethan age
perhaps the greatest writer of all time who wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets, etc
William shakespeare
french calvinist protestants who received calvin’s institutes
huguenots
by 1500 nearly how much of the nobles had become protestants
1/2
who were the french kings against the huguenots
Francis I and Henry II
in what year was the first synod (assembly) to create a confession of faith
1559
King Henry II was killed jousting - his three sons were who
Francis II
Charles IX
Henry III
attempted to rule for her 3 sons selfishly
Catherine de Medicis
military leaders of the protestants in the nine civil wars
Admiral Gaspard de Coligny and Henry of Navarre
who led the catholics in the 9 civil wars
Guise family
catherine decreed the huguenots could worship in public places with inspection
Edict of January
tragic act resulting in as many as 100,000 Huguenots murdered
St Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
became Henry IV - 1st bourbon line of french kings and the first protestant king of france
Henry of Navarre / IV- said paris is with a mass
allowed huguenots to live in any towns or districts in france but could only practice faith in designated places
Edict of Nantes- ultimately led to more problems
Henry IV was assassinated - who attempted to rule in his stead?
Marie de Medicis (his wife)
ruled for Marie de Medicis and her son King Louis XIII
Cardinal Richelieu
amended the edict of nantes taking away huguenot cities
peace of alias
by 1609 how much of the holy roman empire was protestant
9/10
one of the most confusing and disastrous wars of european history
30 years war
where did the 30 years war start
Bohemia
deposed by bohemian protestants in favor of protestant noble
Ferdinand II (charles v’s brother)
vowed to return bohemia to romanism by any force necessary
ferdinand II
lutheran king of denmark- champion of the lutheran protestants
Christian IV
who was defeated by count of tilly and albrecht wallenstein
christian IV
great swedish lutheran warrior king who defeated tilly’s army and won the battle of lutzen but with his casualty
gustavus adolphus
ended the 30 years war
peace of westphalia
over how many mostly germans died as a result of disease fighting or famine after or in the 30 years war
8 million
