Chapter 15: Oscillations Flashcards
Periodic motion (also called harmonic motion) is…
Any motion that repeats itself with a measurable repeat time, or period.
What is period (T)?
The time for the completion of one cycle.
What is the unit for period?
Seconds (s) per “cycle”
What is frequency?
The number of cycles completed per unit time.
What is the unit for frequency?
“cycle”/s, or Hertz (Hz)
How are frequency and period related?
Period is the inverse of frequency, and frequency is the inverse of period.
What does SHM stand for?
Simple Harmonic Motion
What are the three ways that SHM can start?
1.) x(0) = 0, v(0) DOES NOT = 0;
2.) x(0) DOES NOT = 0, v(0) = 0;
3.) Neither x(0) nor v(0) equal 0.
Displacement in SHM can be described using the following equation:
x(t) = x(subm)cos(ωt + ϕ)
Angular frequency is represented by the letter ___, and is determined using the equation ___.
ω; ω = 2πrad/T
x(subm) is the amplitude of SHM, and is the…
Maximum displacement from equilibrium.
SI unit: meter (m)
In SHM, the phase angle (ϕ) is…
The number that describes the shift of the function in terms of a rotational movement.
SI unit: radian
When x(subm) increases, ___; when ω increases, ___; when ϕ increases, then ___.
The graph stretches vertically; the object oscillates more rapidly; the curve shifts to the left.
The ___ is the first derivative of the SHM position equation, and ___ is the second derivative.
Velocity; acceleration.
The amplitude of a SHM curve (whether it be position, velocity, or acceleration) is determined by…
The combined magnitude of the variables in front of the trigonometric segment of the function.
Is mechanical energy of a system moving with SHM conserved?
Yes!
In angular simple harmonic motion, an oscillator is suspended on an axis on which it twists back and forth. This uses an angular form of Hooke’s Law:
τ = κθ
In angular simple harmonic motion, an oscillator is suspended on an axis on which it twists back and forth. This uses Newton’s second law for rotational motion:
α = (τ(subnet))/I
A simple pendulum is…
A pendulum in which all of the mass is suspended at a singular point, on a weightless string of length L.
A physical pendulum is…
A pendulum in which all of the weight is NOT suspended on one point, and is instead distributed along the entire pendulum length.
