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anatomy lecture exam #3 > chapter 15: nervous system > Flashcards

chapter 15: nervous system Flashcards

0
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves
12 pairs of cranial nerves
provides sensory info to the CNS and carries motor commands from the CNS to peripheral tissues and systems
subdivided into the afferent and efferent divisions

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1
Q

Central Nervous System

A

brain and spinal cord
responsible for integrating, processing and coordinating sensory input and motor output
seat of higher functions such as intelligence, memory, learning, and emotion

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2
Q

Afferent Division

A

brings sensory info to the CNS

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3
Q

Efferent Division

A

carries motor commands to muscles and glands

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4
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

sensory from head, body, and limbs to CNS

motor from CNS to skeletal muscle

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5
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity
motor to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, or glands
sensory from visceral organs (monitor internal organs including those of cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, repro)
parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions

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6
Q

neurons

A

impulse conduction, responsible for the transfer and processing of info in the nervous system, has a cell body - dendrites - axon - synaptic terminals

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7
Q

neuroglia (glial) cells

A

support and protection
isolate the neurons
provide a supporting framework for the neural tissue
help maintain the intercellular environment
act as phagocytes

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8
Q

general characteristics of neuroglial cells

A

smaller than neurons
more numerous than neurons (5x)
most found in brain and spinal cord
source of tumors (GLIOMAS)

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9
Q

astrocytes

A

maintain blood-brain barrier, provide structural support, regulate ion - nutrient - and dissolved gas concentrations, absorb and recycle neurotransmitters, form scar tissue after injury

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10
Q

microglia

A

remove cell debris, wastes, and pathogens by phagocytosis

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11
Q

ependyma

A

line ventricles and central canal, assist in producing, circulating, and monitoring CSF
PRODUCE CSF

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12
Q

oligodenrocytes

A

myelinate CNS axons, provide structural framework

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13
Q

Schwann Cells (PNS)

A

myelination of peripheral axons, participates in repair process after injury, PRODUCE myelin sheath

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14
Q

Satellite Cells (PNS)

A

surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia, regulate O2 - CO2 - nutrients - and neurotransmitter levels around neurons in ganglia

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15
Q 
myelinated fibers (white)
PNS
A

schwann cell membranes

neurilemma (sheath of Schwann)

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16
Q

unmyelinated neurons

A

no insulation
gray
nodes of ranvier - unmyelinated gaps between schwann cells
the PNS have neurilemma

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17
Q

myelinated

-CNS

A

myelin produced by oligondendrocytes

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18
Q

unmyelinated - CNS

A

no myelin sheath

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19
Q

axon regeneration

A
  1. cell body
  2. neurolemma (stimulates growth)
  3. closed ends
    Happens in PNS, not in CNS
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20
Q

somatic sensory

A

coming back from the limbs

21
Q

visceral sensory

A

coming from the guts (heart pain, stomach upset)

22
Q

visceral motor

A

innervate all peripheral effectors other than skeletal muscles

23
Q

somatic motor

A

going to the muscle/skin

24
Q

epineurium

A

tough fibrous sheath that forms the outermost layer of a peripheral nerve
consists of dense irregular CT primarily composed of collagen fibers and fibrocytes

25
Q

perineurium

A

composed of collagenous fibers, elastic fibers, and fibrocytes
divided the nerve into a series of compartments that contains bundles of axons
fasciculus - a single bundle of axons

26
Q

endoneurium

A

consists of loose, irregularly arranged CT composed of delicate tissue that surrounds individual nerve fibers

27
Q

cervical plexus - location

A

lies deep to sternocleidomastoid muscle and anterior to the middle scalene and levator scapulae muscles

28
Q

cervical plexus - major nerve

A

phrenic nerve to diaphragm (motor function)

29
Q

brachial plexus - location

A

armpit region

30
Q

brachial plexus - axillary nerve

A

C5 and C6
motor function - deltoid and teres minor
sensory function - skin of shoulder
if damaged - affects abduction

31
Q

brachial plexus - radial nerve

A

C5 and T1

extensor muscles of the arm and forearm

32
Q

brachial plexus - median nerve

A

C5 and T1

flexors of forearm

33
Q

brachial plexus - ulnar nerve

A

C8 and T1

flexors of forearm

34
Q

brachial plexus - musculotaneous nerve

A

flexors of arm

35
Q

brachial plexus - _________ rami

A

ventral

36
Q

lumbar plexus - location

A

lumbar segment of the spinal cord

37
Q

lumbar plexus - ilohypogastric nerve

A

T12 - L1

abdominal muscles

38
Q

lumbar plexus - illioinguinal nerve

A

L1

abdominal muscles

39
Q

lumbar plexus - obturator nerve

A

L2-L4

adductors of hip

40
Q

lumbar plexus - femoral nerve

A

L2-L4

anterior muscles of thigh

41
Q

sacral plexus - location

A

L4-S4

anterior/posterior branches of sacral foramen

42
Q

sacral plexus - sciatic nerve

A

L4-S3
hamstrings
adductor magnus

43
Q

sacral plexus - tibial nerve

A

hamstring

plantar flexors of ankle

44
Q

sacral plexus - common fibular

A

extensors of toes, fibularis brevis and longus

45
Q

sacral plexus - gluteal nerves

A

L4-S2

abductors and extenders of the hip

46
Q

sacral plexus - pudendal nerve

A

S2-S4

external anal and urethral sphincters

47
Q

dorsal ramus

A

provides sensory innervation FROM and motor innervation TO a specific segment of the skin and muscles of the neck and back

48
Q

ventral ramus

A

relatively large

supplies the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall and the limbs

49
Q

dermatomes

A

a way to locate where damage to spinal cord is

anatomy lecture exam #3 (3 decks)

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