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Gen Med Test 3 > Chapter 15: Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Infectious Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Transmission

A
  • airborne
  • direct contact
  • blood borne
  • food/water borne
  • be sanitary!!!
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2
Q

Vaccination

A
  • immunization has deterred the spread of many adult and childhood diseases such as MMR
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3
Q

Influenza

A
  • 36000 deaths and 200,000 hospitalizations
  • fever, cough, sore throat, body ache, headache, chills, and fatigue
  • contagious from 1 day before the onset and up to 7 days after they realize they are sick
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4
Q

People at rick for flu

A
  • all age groups
  • young children and older adults
  • highest prevalence in school-age children
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5
Q

Flu treatment

A
  • analgesics for headache (no aspirin)
  • nasal sprays
  • antitussives
  • flu vaccines
  • adequate hydration
  • rest
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6
Q

Infectious Mononucleosis

A
  • kissing disease
  • caused by epstein-barr virus
  • common among college-aged athletes
  • herpes virus that attacks lymphocytes and nasopharyngeal cells
  • incubation is 10 to 50 days
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7
Q

Mono treatment

A
  • supportive care
  • rest
  • hydration
  • tylenol
  • avoid use of NSAIDs over course of illness because of hepatic compromise
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8
Q

Mumps

A
  • contagious viral disease that manifests with enlarged parotid and salivary glands and shows up in sublingual or submaxillary glands
  • acute epidemic peaks in late winter
  • mainly kids 5-15 yo
  • 2-3 week incubation period
  • spread via air and silva
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9
Q

Mumps Treatment, prognosis and RTP

A
  • isolate from other players until parotid swelling returns to normal
  • analgesics
  • antipyretics
  • soft diet
  • most symptoms resolve w/in 3-10 day
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10
Q

Rubeola

A
  • measles
  • before immunization, more than 90% of population was infected by the age of 20
  • spread through airborne droplets
  • incubation is typically 10 days but can range from 7-18
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11
Q

Rubeola Treatment, Prognosis, and RTP

A
  • OTC analgesics, and antipyretics
  • hydration
  • antibacterial therapy
  • may return to activity when no longer infectious
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12
Q

Rubella

A
  • german measles
  • acute contagious virus that produces mild symptoms in children and adults
  • acquired through the upper respiratory tract or through placental blood exchange
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13
Q

Rubella risks during pregnancy

A
  • cause death or profound congenital defects in infants born to mothers infected during the first trimester of pregnancy
  • growth restrictions
  • retinopathy
  • mental retardation
  • behavior disorders
  • diabetes
  • cardiac defects
  • death
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14
Q

Varicella - chicken pox

A
  • acute
  • viral
  • highly communicable disease characterized by clusters of maculopapular skin eruptions
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15
Q

Chicken pox signs and sypmtoms

A
  • mild headache is 1st sign
  • low-grade fever
  • malaise
  • anorexia
  • vesicular rash within 6-8 hours
  • crusting occurs
  • disease lasts 4-7 days
  • lesions healed within 2-3 weeks
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16
Q

Long term effects of chicken pox

A
  • may be severe in adults, immunosuppressed persons taking corticosteroids or receiving cancer therapy
  • conjunctive ulcers, encephalitis, meningitis, cellulitis. guillain-barre
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17
Q

Chicken pox transmission

A
  • droplet contact
  • incubation = 2-3 weeks
  • individual considered infectious from the time of exposure until final lesions crust over
  • virus remains dormant in dorsal root ganglia
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18
Q

Persons at risk for chicken pox

A
  • common childhood disease
  • susceptible from 6 months of age to time contract the disease
  • immunity is produced after having the disease
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19
Q

Chicken pox treatment

A
  • antihistamines and topical steroids to relieve itching
  • vaccination after 1st birthday
  • baking soda paste or calamine lotion on lesion
  • isolation, cool room, distraction
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20
Q

Herpes zoster - shingles

A
  • acute, cos infection involving the dorsal root ganglia that is characterized by vesicular eruptions and neuralgic pain in various areas of the skin
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21
Q

Shingles s&s

A 
chills
fever
malaise
gi upset 3-4 days before
crops of vesicles on erythematous base (along dermatome)
hyperesthesia
severe pain
burning/itching
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22
Q

shingles phases

A
  • postherpetic phase = neuralgia that may persist for months
  • long-term effect =
  • 7 to 10 days
  • urinary retention
  • unilateral paralysis
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23
Q

People at risk for shingles

A
  • local trauma
  • acute illness
  • emotional stress
  • immune system compromised
  • immunosuppressive therapy
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24
Q

Shingles treatment

A
  • analgesics for pain
  • antipyretics for itching
  • TENS
  • Cryotherapy
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25
Q

Hepatitis A

A
  • liver disease caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV)
  • can affect anyone
  • single cases or widespread
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26
Q

HAV s&s

A
  • jaundice
  • fatigue
  • abdominal pain
  • loss of appetite
  • nausea
  • diarrhea
  • fever
27
Q

HAV long term effects

A
  • no chronic infection
  • can’t have it twice
  • 15% of people infected will have prolonged or relapsing symptoms over 6-9 month period
28
Q

HAV transmission

A
  • feces
  • spread by feces to mouth
  • milk
  • sliced meat
  • shellfish
  • salads
29
Q

HAV persons at risk

A
  • household
  • sex contact
  • children living in regions of the US with increased rate of HAV
  • injecting and non-injecting drug users
30
Q

HAV Prevention

A
  • vaccine
  • immune globulin 2 weeks from infection
  • hand washing
31
Q

HAV vaccine recommendations

A
  • travelers to areas at risk
  • drug users
  • persons with hemophilia
  • chronic liver disease
  • children living in infected areas
32
Q

Hepatitis B

A
  • virus that attacks the liver

- can cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis, cancer, failure, and death

33
Q

Hepatitis B s&s

A
  • jaundice
  • fatigue
  • abdominal pain
  • pain referred to right shoulder
  • loss of appetite
  • nausea, vomiting
  • joint pain
34
Q

HBV long-term effects

A
  • chronic infection occurs in: 90% of infants at birth, 30% of children aged 1-5, and 6% of people over age 5
  • death from chronic liver disease occurs in 15-20% of chronically infected persons
35
Q

HBV transmission

A
  • when blood or body fluids from infected persons is enters a non-immune person
  • sex
  • needles
  • needle sticks
  • mothers to babies during birth
36
Q

HBV groups at risk

A
  • multiple sex partners
  • gays
  • drug users
  • infants born to mothers with it
  • healthcare and public safety workers
37
Q

HBV prevention

A
  • vaccine
  • condoms
  • pregnant get checked
  • don’t use IV drugs but if you have to don’t share needles
  • don’t share personal items
  • tattoos?
  • don’t donate body things
38
Q

HBV treatment and management

A
  • evaluation for liver disease
  • don’t use drugs if pregnant
  • drinking alcohol can make it worse
  • number of new infections has declined
  • documented transmission among football players
39
Q

HBV participation in sport

A
  • non contact allowed depending on symptoms
  • refrain from wrestling and boxing
  • chronic infection should not participate in close-contact combative sports
40
Q

Hepatitis C

A
  • liver disease

- spread by contact with blood of an infected person

41
Q

HCV s&s

A
  • jaundice
  • fatigue
  • dark urine
  • abdominal pain
  • loss of appetite
  • nausea
42
Q

HCV long-term effects

A
  • chronic infection = 70-85%

- deaths are

43
Q

HCV transmission

A
  • sharing blood or body fluids
  • sharing needles
  • needle sticks
  • infected mother
44
Q

HCV transmission recommendations for testing

A
  • injecting drug users
  • clotting factor recipients before 1987
  • hemodialysis patients
  • recipients of blood or organs before 1992
  • infants
45
Q

HCV prevention

A
  • no vaccine available
  • don’t share needles
  • don’t share razors
  • don’t donate
46
Q

HCV treatment

A
  • interferon and ribavirin
  • combination therapy can get rid of virus in 4 out of 10 persons
  • alcohol makes it worse
  • decline in # of infections
  • usually due to needles/drugs
47
Q

Hepatitis D

A
  • delta virus that needs the Hep B virus to exist
  • sexually transmitted
  • 2-20% mortality rate
48
Q

Hepatitis E

A
  • does not occur in the US
49
Q

Streptococcal

A
  • small gram-positive chains of bacteria normally found quite often in human tissue
  • A,B,C,D, and G
  • A,B and D are the most common
50
Q

Strep A

A
  • tonsilitis
  • strep throat
  • impetigo
  • myositis
  • pneumonia
  • TSS
  • cellulitis
  • rheumatic fever
51
Q

Strep B

A
  • endocarditis
  • septic arthritis
  • post-partum sepsis
  • neonatal pneumonia
52
Q

Treatment for Strep

A
  • penicillin
  • erythromycin
  • isolation (scarlet fever)
53
Q

Staphylococcal infections

A
  • found in skin of 20% of healthy adults
  • grape like clusters of gram-positive bacteria that cause a tremendous number of infections
  • benign skin wounds
54
Q

Folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles

A
  • infections of skin, and subcutaneous tissues by staph
  • inflammation
  • pain
  • hard painful nodules
  • discharge
  • carbuncles are extremely painful deep abscess, pus, and multiple openings
55
Q

Management for folliculitis etc.

A
  • topical or oral antibiotic
  • incision and drainage of furuncles and carbuncles
  • warm compresses
56
Q

Impetigo

A
  • superficial vesiculopustular infection
  • arms, legs. face
  • streptococci or staphylococcci
57
Q

impetigo s&s

A
  • intense itching and burning
  • lymphadenopathy
  • fluid-filled vesicles that rupture and become crusted skin lesions
  • don’t scratch
58
Q

People at risk for impetigo

A
  • infants, small children
  • poor hygiene
  • crowding
  • poor nutrition
  • multiple skin breaks
59
Q

medical treatment for impetigo

A
  • topical antiinfective
  • antipruritics for itching
  • wash crusted lesions with soap and water, cool, moist compresses
  • mittings
60
Q

MRSA

A
  • 100,000 people are treated annually
61
Q

Encephalitis

A
  • inflammation of the brain
  • viral infection
  • primary = direct viral invasion of brain and spinal cord
  • secondary = typically complication of a viral infection in another part of the body
  • rare but most common mosquito-borne disease in US
62
Q

Aseptic meningitis

A
  • inflammation of the meninges and CSF
  • less severe than bacterial meningitis
  • lasts 7 to 10 days
63
Q

Bacterial meningits

A
  • acute and life threatening

- 100 to 125 cases annually on college campuses 5 -15 students die as a result

64
Q

red flags for meningitis

A
  • severe headache
  • high fever
  • stiff neck

Gen Med Test 3 (5 decks)

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