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Gen Med Test 3 > Chapter 13: Ear, nose and throat > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Ear, nose and throat Flashcards

1
Q

Transillumination

A
  • dark room with pen light and otoscope
  • frontal sinus may be transilluminated by placing a light against the medial aspect of each supraorbital rim while looking for a slight red glow of light just above the eyebrows
  • absence of glow in sinus indicates that the sinus contains secretions
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2
Q

Otitis Externa

A
  • inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane
  • more prevalent in individuals who have narrow inner ear canals or in someone whose canals slope downward
  • usually from water exposure
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3
Q

Otitis externa S&S

A
  • itchy ear
  • pain
  • burning
  • possible drainage
  • pulling on the pinna will increase symptoms
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4
Q

Otitis external treatment and RTP

A
  • ear drops 3-4x daily
  • athletes who can keep their head dry can participate
  • peeps in aquatics have to be on 24 antibiotics before rtp
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5
Q

Ruptured tympanic membrane

A
  • sudden change in air pressure caused by blunt trauma or infection
  • can also happen from sticking a sharp object in the ear
  • will heal itself
  • sounds like a whistling
  • keep swimmers out longer
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6
Q

Otitis media

A
  • presence of fluid in the middle ear accompanied by signs of infection
  • earache, fever, fullness in the ear, dizziness
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7
Q

Otitis media treatment and RTP

A
  • broad spectrum antibiotics
  • air travel should be avoided until the middle ear has returned to normal appearance and function
  • pt. who is afebrile may participate
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8
Q

Allergic Rhinitis

A
  • hypersensitivity to inhaled allergens
  • seasonal
  • use clairitn
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9
Q

Sinusitis

A
  • inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the nasal cavity or one or more of the paranasal sinuses
  • acute, subacute, recurrent, or chronic
  • can result from bacterial or viral
  • refer to doc
  • analgesics, decongestants
  • resolve in two weeks
  • RTP as long as afebirle
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10
Q

Deviated Septum

A
  • results from trauma and blow to side of nose
  • may present with epistaxis
  • may present with minor deformity
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11
Q

deviated septum diagnosis, treatment, and RTP

A
  • can send to doctor
  • might need surgery
  • can RTP as soon as septum has been reduced and healed.
  • doc may allow sooner with mask
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12
Q

Epitaxis

A
  • more than 90% of all nosebleed occur anteriorly (kiesselbach’s)
  • posterior bleeds are usually more profuse and are of arterial origin. more serious and risk of airway obstruction.
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13
Q

Pharyngitis and Tonsilitis

A
  • inflammation of the pharynx
  • sore throat
  • inflammation of the tonsils (streptococcus)
  • usually viral but can be followed by bacterial
  • streptococcus is called strep throat
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14
Q

pharyngitis and tonsilitis s&s, referral an RTP

A
  • sore throat, pain with swallowing, chills or fever
  • persistent fever for more than 5 days should be referred
  • throat culture
  • antibiotics
  • afebrile and able to tolerate fluids
  • 7 to 14 days
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15
Q

Laryngitis

A
  • inflammation of the larynx
  • occurs with common cold, bronchitis, pneumonia, or flu
  • acute or chronic
  • can be caused by direct trauma
  • nodes
  • refer if not better in 5 to 7 days
  • voice rest and humidification
  • may participate if afebrile and feel well
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16
Q

oral candidiasis

A
  • yeast like fungus candida albicans
  • called thrush in infants and is the most common white lesion of the oral cavity
  • oral rinse of nystatin and anti fungal meds
  • can participate
17
Q

Oral mucosal lesions

A
  • local trauma, infectious disease, autoimmune disorders, toxic reactions
18
Q

Oral cancers

A
  • tongue, lips and gums
  • sore that does not heal in 2-3 weeks
  • sores that are painful or bleed easily
  • unusual lumps in mouth
  • numbness or pain in the mouth and throat
  • persistant red or white patches
  • change in voice not associated with cold or allergies
  • difficulty chewing or swallowing
19
Q

Leukoplakia (keratosis)

A
  • precancerous lesion of the mucosa and is usually found on the sides of the tongue, lower lips and floor of the mouth
  • white scratch that can be removed by scraping
20
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • most common type
  • starts as non healing, painless, red ulceration
  • detected early and removed = good result
21
Q

Gingivitis

A
  • inflammatory condition of the gums, caused by bacteria

- inadequate food removal will produce plaque deposits leading to gingivitis

22
Q

Peridontitis

A
  • occurs if gingivitis is left untreated

- results in receding gum line and loss of alveolar bone

23
Q

dental caries

A
  • represent a multifaceted disease that includes interaction between the teeth, normal microflora and saliva
  • tooth decay occurs when bacteria in the mouth accumulate on the enamel surface to form plaque which collects on the teeth and then produces acid that causes tooth decay

Gen Med Test 3 (5 decks)

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