Chapter 13: Ear, nose and throat Flashcards
1
Q
Transillumination
A
- dark room with pen light and otoscope
- frontal sinus may be transilluminated by placing a light against the medial aspect of each supraorbital rim while looking for a slight red glow of light just above the eyebrows
- absence of glow in sinus indicates that the sinus contains secretions
2
Q
Otitis Externa
A
- inflammation or infection of the external auditory canal and tympanic membrane
- more prevalent in individuals who have narrow inner ear canals or in someone whose canals slope downward
- usually from water exposure
3
Q
Otitis externa S&S
A
- itchy ear
- pain
- burning
- possible drainage
- pulling on the pinna will increase symptoms
4
Q
Otitis external treatment and RTP
A
- ear drops 3-4x daily
- athletes who can keep their head dry can participate
- peeps in aquatics have to be on 24 antibiotics before rtp
5
Q
Ruptured tympanic membrane
A
- sudden change in air pressure caused by blunt trauma or infection
- can also happen from sticking a sharp object in the ear
- will heal itself
- sounds like a whistling
- keep swimmers out longer
6
Q
Otitis media
A
- presence of fluid in the middle ear accompanied by signs of infection
- earache, fever, fullness in the ear, dizziness
7
Q
Otitis media treatment and RTP
A
- broad spectrum antibiotics
- air travel should be avoided until the middle ear has returned to normal appearance and function
- pt. who is afebrile may participate
8
Q
Allergic Rhinitis
A
- hypersensitivity to inhaled allergens
- seasonal
- use clairitn
9
Q
Sinusitis
A
- inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the nasal cavity or one or more of the paranasal sinuses
- acute, subacute, recurrent, or chronic
- can result from bacterial or viral
- refer to doc
- analgesics, decongestants
- resolve in two weeks
- RTP as long as afebirle
10
Q
Deviated Septum
A
- results from trauma and blow to side of nose
- may present with epistaxis
- may present with minor deformity
11
Q
deviated septum diagnosis, treatment, and RTP
A
- can send to doctor
- might need surgery
- can RTP as soon as septum has been reduced and healed.
- doc may allow sooner with mask
12
Q
Epitaxis
A
- more than 90% of all nosebleed occur anteriorly (kiesselbach’s)
- posterior bleeds are usually more profuse and are of arterial origin. more serious and risk of airway obstruction.
13
Q
Pharyngitis and Tonsilitis
A
- inflammation of the pharynx
- sore throat
- inflammation of the tonsils (streptococcus)
- usually viral but can be followed by bacterial
- streptococcus is called strep throat
14
Q
pharyngitis and tonsilitis s&s, referral an RTP
A
- sore throat, pain with swallowing, chills or fever
- persistent fever for more than 5 days should be referred
- throat culture
- antibiotics
- afebrile and able to tolerate fluids
- 7 to 14 days
15
Q
Laryngitis
A
- inflammation of the larynx
- occurs with common cold, bronchitis, pneumonia, or flu
- acute or chronic
- can be caused by direct trauma
- nodes
- refer if not better in 5 to 7 days
- voice rest and humidification
- may participate if afebrile and feel well
16
Q
oral candidiasis
A
- yeast like fungus candida albicans
- called thrush in infants and is the most common white lesion of the oral cavity
- oral rinse of nystatin and anti fungal meds
- can participate
17
Q
Oral mucosal lesions
A
- local trauma, infectious disease, autoimmune disorders, toxic reactions
18
Q
Oral cancers
A
- tongue, lips and gums
- sore that does not heal in 2-3 weeks
- sores that are painful or bleed easily
- unusual lumps in mouth
- numbness or pain in the mouth and throat
- persistant red or white patches
- change in voice not associated with cold or allergies
- difficulty chewing or swallowing
19
Q
Leukoplakia (keratosis)
A
- precancerous lesion of the mucosa and is usually found on the sides of the tongue, lower lips and floor of the mouth
- white scratch that can be removed by scraping
20
Q
Squamous cell carcinoma
A
- most common type
- starts as non healing, painless, red ulceration
- detected early and removed = good result
21
Q
Gingivitis
A
- inflammatory condition of the gums, caused by bacteria
- inadequate food removal will produce plaque deposits leading to gingivitis
22
Q
Peridontitis
A
- occurs if gingivitis is left untreated
- results in receding gum line and loss of alveolar bone
23
Q
dental caries
A
- represent a multifaceted disease that includes interaction between the teeth, normal microflora and saliva
- tooth decay occurs when bacteria in the mouth accumulate on the enamel surface to form plaque which collects on the teeth and then produces acid that causes tooth decay
