Chapter 15 - Important Slides

Question 1

What does the musculoskeletal system compose of?

Answer 1

1. Bones
2. Muscles
3. Joints

Question 2

What are bones?

Answer 2

1. Structural support
2. Protection of internal organs
3. Movement

Question 3

What are muscles?

Answer 3

Responsible for internal and external movement

Question 4

What are tendons?

Answer 4

Bind muscles to bones

Question 5

What are ligaments?

Answer 5

Bind bones to other bones

Question 6

What are the 2 process that work to build and tear down bone throughout life?

Answer 6

1. Osteoblasts = replaces/ossification (bone formation)

2. Osteoclasts = bone phagocytes, tear down

Question 7

What are the vital sources for proper formation of bone?

Answer 7

1. Calcium
2. Phosphorous
3. Vitamin D

Question 8

Where are long bone found?

Answer 8

1. Thigh
2. Lower leg
3. Upper and lower arm

Question 9

Where are flat bones found?

Answer 9

1. Skull
2. Shoulder blades
3. Ribs
4. Pelvic bones

Question 10

Where are sesamoid bone found?

Answer 10

1. Near joints. They are small, rounded bones.

2. Kneecap = largest example of sesamoid bone

Question 11

What is the metaphysis?

Answer 11

Conelike flared portion between end and shaft

Question 12

What is the compact (cortical) bone?

Answer 12

1. Hard, dense bone that lies under the periosteum and located mainly around diaphysis
2. Contains the Haversian system, cancellous bone, and the medullary cavity with yellow fat

Question 13

What is the yellow marrow and where is it found?

Answer 13

Composed of chiefly fat. Found in the medullary cavity of the compact bone

Question 14

What is the red bone marrow? Where is it found?

Answer 14

Found in the cancellous bone. Contains mature and immature blood cells in various stage of development.

Question 15

What is hematopoieses? Where is it found?

Answer 15

It is the formation of all types of blood cells in the bone marrow (red bone marrow).

Question 16

What is the vertebrae?

Answer 16

1. 26 bone segments

2. 5 divisions, 4 vertebral regions = cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and *coccyx (tailbone)

Question 17

How many bones in each region of the vertebrae?

Answer 17

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
1 sacral
1 coccyx

Question 18

What are the bones of thorax?

Answer 18

1. Clavicle
2. Scapula
3. Sternum
4. Ribs

Question 19

What are the bones of arm and hand?

Answer 19

1. Humerus
2. Ulna
3. Radius
4. Carpals
5. Metacarpals
6. Phalanges

Question 20

What are the bones of pelvis?

Answer 20

Pelvic girdle = consist of ilium, ischium, and pubis

Question 21

What is an example of long bones?

Answer 21

Femur

Question 22

What is an example of short bones?

Answer 22

Carpals

Question 23

What is an example of flat bones?

Answer 23

Scapula

Question 24

What is an example of sesamoid bones?

Answer 24

Patella or kneecap