Chapter 15: DNA - Genetic Material - Structures and Vocab

Question 1

Polynucleotide

Answer 1

made up of strands of multiple nucleotides

Question 2

Nucleotide

Answer 2

Nucleotide has 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases

Nitrogenous base attached at 1’ of the sugar

Phosphate group attached to 5’

Question 3

How are nucleotides attached?

Answer 3

• by phosphate bonds at 3’ end of each nucleotide

Phosphodiester bonds link the sugars to form a “backbone”

Question 4

Nitrogenous bases

Answer 4

Adenine - Thymine/Uracil
Cytosine - Guanine

Thymine is used in DNA, Uracil is used in RNA

base pairing allows for symmetry/base stacking/stability

Question 5

Explain two strand DNA

Answer 5

two strand DNA forms a double helix, A double helix is formed by hydrogen bonds between
the nitrogenous bases on two different strands

the two strands run antiparallel to one another( one is 5’ to 3’, the other is 3’ to 5’)

Question 6

Pyrimidines

Answer 6

single ring structures

Thymine and Cytosine

Question 7

Explain difference between ribose and deoxyribose 5-carbon sugar

Answer 7

Ribose has an extra oxygen on 2’, deoxyribose is lacking an oxygen here