Chapter 15 - Deterrence, Routine Activity, and Rational Choice Theories

Question 1

Classical Deterrence Theory (Beccaria)

Answer 1

Humans are rational thinkers. Criminals contemplate positive and negative consequences of breaking the law.

Question 2

Effective Guardianship

Answer 2

Aspect of routine actives approach that agrees 3 key factors are required from crime to happen: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and ineffective guardianship (includes locks on bikes, security lights, or putting goods in trunk of car).

Question 3

Environmental Theory (Paul and Pat Brantingham)

Answer 3

The activity patterns of offenders and environmental opportunities influence decisions to commit particular criminal acts.

Question 4

Hot Spots Policing 15

Answer 4

Most crimes occur at a small number of locations in any community. This policing concentrates on these locations.

Question 5

Individualized Deterence 15

Answer 5

Offenders heavily involved in crime are warned their actions are being monitored. Extra police/probation resources added to accomodate.

Question 6

Lifestyle/Exposure Theory

Answer 6

A theory of crime victimization that acknowledges that not everyone has the same lifestyle and that some lifestyles expose people to more risks than others do.

Question 7

Rational Choice Theory (Clark, Cornish)

Answer 7

Posits that crime is the result of deliberate choices made by offenders based on their calculation of risks/rewards.

Question 8

Routine Activities Theory (Cohen and Felson)

Answer 8

An extension of lifestyle/exposure theory that assumes crimes are expected outcomes of routine activities and changing social patterns.

Question 9

Target Suitability

Answer 9

Because of their vulnerability, some potential crime targets are more attractive than others. A home that is unlit, has shrugs blocking a view of the front door, and has no alarm system would be seen as more suitable than a well-protected home.

Question 10

Situational Crime Prevention

Answer 10

Premised on the belief that most crime is opportunistic rather than the outcome of those driven to commit a crime no matter what the circumstances. This form of prevention attempts to reduce the opportunities for crime rather than just relying on the police after the crime has occurred.

Question 11

Crime Prevention Through Social Development

Answer 11

An approach to crime prevention that focuses on reducing the number of motivated offenders by changing the social environment.