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Physiological Psychology > Chapter 15 Addiction > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Addiction Flashcards

1
Q

Most laws governing drug abuse were enacted when

A

In the early parts of the 20th century and before there was relevant scientific information

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2
Q

Most drugs that are taken orally enter the bloodstream through the walls of the

A

Intestine

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3
Q

Many chronic addicts come to prefer what method for route of drug administration

A

IV

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4
Q

Which of the following routes of drug administration offers the least opportunity to counteract the effects of an overdose

A

IV

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5
Q

Many chemicals are kept from passing from the circulatory system of the CNS into the CNS neurons by

A

The blood brain barrier

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6
Q

The conversion of drugs in the body to no active chemicals often by liver enzymes is referred to as drug

A

Metabolism

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7
Q

A state of decreased sensitivity to a drug as a result of previous exposure to the drug is called

A

Drug tolerance

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8
Q

Taking one drug can forensic produce tolerance to other drugs such tolerance is called

A

Cross tolerance

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9
Q

Drug sensitization is the opposite of

A

Drug tolerance

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10
Q

_____ tolerance to psychoactive drugs is tolerance that occurs because less of the drug gets to its site of action in the brain

A

Metabolic

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11
Q

Tolerance that occurs because the target becomes less reactive to the drug after exposure is

A

Functional tolerance

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12
Q

Individuals who experience drug withdrawal effects are by definition

A

Physically dependent

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13
Q

The primary defining feature of addiction is

A

The inability to stop using a drug despite its adverse effects and efforts to stop

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14
Q

According to the text addict are drug users who

A

Continue to use a drug despite the drugs adverse effects on their health and social life, despite their efforts to stop

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15
Q

Siegel’ conditioning theory of drug tolerance is based heavily on demonstrations of

A

The situational specificity of tolerance

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16
Q

Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide it contributes to over five ____ premature deaths per year

A

Million

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17
Q

Depression anxiety restlessness irritability constipation difficulties sleeping and difficulties in concentration are common ___ withdrawal symptoms

A

Nicotine

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18
Q

Chronic use of which drug has been linked to bronchitis, emphysema, cancer, stroke, and heart attack

A

Tobacco

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19
Q

Which of the following drugs produces buerger’s disesse

A

Tobacco

20
Q

Although ____ is classified as a depressant it has stimulant effects at low doses

A

Alcohol

21
Q

Withdrawals from which of the following drugs produced the DTs

A

None of the above (morphine, heroin, cocaine)

22
Q

Cirrhosis and Korsakoff’s syndrome are two of the consequences of chronic ____ consumption

A

Alcohol

23
Q

In the Middle Ages marijuana was commonly used by Europeans to

A

Make rope

24
Q

Which of the following illicit drugs was grown by George Washington as a commercial crop

A

Marijuana

25
Q

Evidence indicates that one serious health hazard of marijuana is

A

Heart attack in people who have previously suffered heart attacks

26
Q

Drugs that tend to increase neural and behavioral activity are classified as

A

Stimulants

27
Q

Which of the following drugs in high doses produces a syndrome of psychotic behavior that is similar to paranoid schizophrenia

A

Cocaine

28
Q

During cocaine sprees there is a risk of

A

Convulsions , respiratory arrest , stroke

29
Q

Which of the following drugs has effects like those of amphetamine

A

Cocaine

30
Q

These drugs are widely used in the treatment of pain cough and diarrhea

A

Opiates

31
Q

Laudanum , Godfrey’s cordial , dalby’s carminstive , mrs. Winslow soothing syrup and streets infant quietness were all legal medications that contained

A

Opiates

32
Q

The Harrison narcotics act which was passed in the us in 1914 unintentionally encouraged the use of

A

Heroin

33
Q

The direct health hazard of addiction to ____ are relatively minors they included constitution pupil constriction menstrual irregularity and reduced sex drive

A

Opiates

34
Q

The term kicking the habit refers to one of the symptoms of ___ withdrawal

A

Opiate

35
Q

In most countries attempts to treat heroin and morphine addiction usually involve the prescription of

A

Methadone

36
Q

Which drug is currently an alternative to methadone as a treatment for heroin addiction

A

Buprenorphine

37
Q

Which country has taken a novel approach to the problem of heroin addiction an approach that is proving to be an unqualified success

A

Switzerland

38
Q

Which paradigm is illustrated here (with the rat in a box)

A

Intracranial self stimulation

39
Q

Many of the dopaminergic neurons with cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area synapse in the

A

Ventral horn

40
Q

The mesotelencephalic dopamine system compromises two pathways

A

Nigrostriatal pathway and the mesocorticolimbic pathway

41
Q

Many self stimulation sites

A

Are part of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system

42
Q

Evidence that the nuclear accumbens is involved in drug addiction comes from reports that

A

Animals will self administer micro injections of addictive drugs directly into the nucleus accumbens

43
Q

Many addicts who are motivated to kick their habit manage to stop taking their drug but they often

A

Relapse

44
Q

The anticipated pleasure associated with an action is its ____ whereas the actual pleasure experience is its ____

A

Positive incentive value , hedonic value

45
Q

According to the incentive sensitization theory of drug addiction as an addict habitually consumes the drug the

A

Positive incentive value of taking the drug increases

46
Q

Recent research suggests that dopamine releases in the nucleus accumbens is more related to the ___ than to ____

A

Wanting , liking

Physiological Psychology (3 decks)

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