Chapter 15 Addiction

Question 1

Most laws governing drug abuse were enacted when

Answer 1

In the early parts of the 20th century and before there was relevant scientific information

Question 2

Most drugs that are taken orally enter the bloodstream through the walls of the

Answer 2

Intestine

Question 3

Many chronic addicts come to prefer what method for route of drug administration

Answer 3

IV

Question 4

Which of the following routes of drug administration offers the least opportunity to counteract the effects of an overdose

Answer 4

IV

Question 5

Many chemicals are kept from passing from the circulatory system of the CNS into the CNS neurons by

Answer 5

The blood brain barrier

Question 6

The conversion of drugs in the body to no active chemicals often by liver enzymes is referred to as drug

Answer 6

Metabolism

Question 7

A state of decreased sensitivity to a drug as a result of previous exposure to the drug is called

Answer 7

Drug tolerance

Question 8

Taking one drug can forensic produce tolerance to other drugs such tolerance is called

Answer 8

Cross tolerance

Question 9

Drug sensitization is the opposite of

Answer 9

Drug tolerance

Question 10

_____ tolerance to psychoactive drugs is tolerance that occurs because less of the drug gets to its site of action in the brain

Answer 10

Metabolic

Question 11

Tolerance that occurs because the target becomes less reactive to the drug after exposure is

Answer 11

Functional tolerance

Question 12

Individuals who experience drug withdrawal effects are by definition

Answer 12

Physically dependent

Question 13

The primary defining feature of addiction is

Answer 13

The inability to stop using a drug despite its adverse effects and efforts to stop

Question 14

According to the text addict are drug users who

Answer 14

Continue to use a drug despite the drugs adverse effects on their health and social life, despite their efforts to stop

Question 15

Siegel’ conditioning theory of drug tolerance is based heavily on demonstrations of

Answer 15

The situational specificity of tolerance

Question 16

Tobacco is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide it contributes to over five ____ premature deaths per year

Answer 16

Million

Question 17

Depression anxiety restlessness irritability constipation difficulties sleeping and difficulties in concentration are common ___ withdrawal symptoms

Answer 17

Nicotine

Question 18

Chronic use of which drug has been linked to bronchitis, emphysema, cancer, stroke, and heart attack

Answer 18

Tobacco

Question 19

Which of the following drugs produces buerger’s disesse

Answer 19

Tobacco

Question 20

Although ____ is classified as a depressant it has stimulant effects at low doses

Answer 20

Alcohol

Question 21

Withdrawals from which of the following drugs produced the DTs

Answer 21

None of the above (morphine, heroin, cocaine)

Question 22

Cirrhosis and Korsakoff’s syndrome are two of the consequences of chronic ____ consumption

Answer 22

Alcohol

Question 23

In the Middle Ages marijuana was commonly used by Europeans to

Answer 23

Make rope

Question 24

Which of the following illicit drugs was grown by George Washington as a commercial crop

Answer 24

Marijuana

Question 25

Evidence indicates that one serious health hazard of marijuana is

Answer 25

Heart attack in people who have previously suffered heart attacks

Question 26

Drugs that tend to increase neural and behavioral activity are classified as

Answer 26

Stimulants

Question 27

Which of the following drugs in high doses produces a syndrome of psychotic behavior that is similar to paranoid schizophrenia

Answer 27

Cocaine

Question 28

During cocaine sprees there is a risk of

Answer 28

Convulsions , respiratory arrest , stroke

Question 29

Which of the following drugs has effects like those of amphetamine

Answer 29

Cocaine

Question 30

These drugs are widely used in the treatment of pain cough and diarrhea

Answer 30

Opiates

Question 31

Laudanum , Godfrey's cordial , dalby's carminstive , mrs. Winslow soothing syrup and streets infant quietness were all legal medications that contained

Answer 31

Opiates

Question 32

The Harrison narcotics act which was passed in the us in 1914 unintentionally encouraged the use of

Answer 32

Heroin

Question 33

The direct health hazard of addiction to ____ are relatively minors they included constitution pupil constriction menstrual irregularity and reduced sex drive

Answer 33

Opiates

Question 34

The term kicking the habit refers to one of the symptoms of ___ withdrawal

Answer 34

Opiate

Question 35

In most countries attempts to treat heroin and morphine addiction usually involve the prescription of

Answer 35

Methadone

Question 36

Which drug is currently an alternative to methadone as a treatment for heroin addiction

Answer 36

Buprenorphine

Question 37

Which country has taken a novel approach to the problem of heroin addiction an approach that is proving to be an unqualified success

Answer 37

Switzerland

Question 38

Which paradigm is illustrated here (with the rat in a box)

Answer 38

Intracranial self stimulation

Question 39

Many of the dopaminergic neurons with cell bodies in the ventral tegmental area synapse in the

Answer 39

Ventral horn

Question 40

The mesotelencephalic dopamine system compromises two pathways

Answer 40

Nigrostriatal pathway and the mesocorticolimbic pathway

Question 41

Many self stimulation sites

Answer 41

Are part of the mesotelencephalic dopamine system

Question 42

Evidence that the nuclear accumbens is involved in drug addiction comes from reports that

Answer 42

Animals will self administer micro injections of addictive drugs directly into the nucleus accumbens

Question 43

Many addicts who are motivated to kick their habit manage to stop taking their drug but they often

Answer 43

Relapse

Question 44

The anticipated pleasure associated with an action is its ____ whereas the actual pleasure experience is its ____

Answer 44

Positive incentive value , hedonic value

Question 45

According to the incentive sensitization theory of drug addiction as an addict habitually consumes the drug the

Answer 45

Positive incentive value of taking the drug increases

Question 46

Recent research suggests that dopamine releases in the nucleus accumbens is more related to the ___ than to ____

Answer 46

Wanting , liking