Chapter 15 absolutism

Question 1

Policies included practicing strict absolutism via his spies, intendents, unifying the government, keeping the military under his sole command, utilizing mercantilism, and revoking the Edict of Nantes in an attempt to kick out Protestants. However, some negatives in his reign included his refusal to tax nobles, reducing income, and his removal from the problems of his people at his extravagant palace in Versielles.

Answer 1

Louis XIII

Question 2

Became President of the Council of ministers and the first minister of the French crown under Louis XIII in 1624. Died in 1642.

Answer 2

Cardinal richelieu

Question 3

1648-53. Brutal civil wars that struck France during the reign of Louis XIV. Caused political upheaval and economic devastation.

Answer 3

fronde

Question 4

An adviser to Louis XIV who proved himself a financial genius who managed the entire royal administration. Proposed mercantilism as the best policy for the economy

Answer 4

jean baptiste colbert

Question 5

Believed in Divine right absolutism using Versailles as a prison to manipulate nobles. Increased his policies on mercantilism and military by growing a 400,000 man standing army. His mercantile ways led to many wars over resources. “Sun King”

Answer 5

Louis XIV

Question 6

Convinced Louis XIV that the nobility would try to take power from him, and that he should trust no one.

Answer 6

Cardinal mazarin

Question 7

War over control of Spainish throne after the death of Charles II who left it to the grandson of Louis XIV, who of course accepted. Holland, Austria, and England immediately went to war opposing this growth in power of the French.

Answer 7

war of Spanish succession

Question 8

The name of a series of treaties that concluded the Thirty Years’ War in 1648 and the marked the end of large-scale religious violence in Europe.

Answer 8

peace of westphalia

Question 9

Highly destructive war (1618-1648) that eventually included most of Europe; fought for the most part between Protestants and Catholics, the conflict ended with the Peace of Westphalia.

Answer 9

thirty years war

Question 10

during the reign of ______ many of spain’s weaknesses became apparent. Interested only in court luxury or miracle working relics, ____ allowed his first minister the greedy duke of lerma to run the country

Answer 10

Philip III

Question 11

the reign of _____ seemed to offer hope for a revival of spain’s energies, especially in the capable hands of his chief minister, Gaspar de guzman, the count or olivares

Answer 11

Philip IV

Question 12

responsible for reviving sweden and making it into a great baltic power
used a smaller army of highly trained conscripts that could take orders and was efficient on the battlefield (first modern army)
swedish army won, but ____ was killed

Answer 12

gustavus adolphus

Question 13

revoked the edict of nantes

provided for the destruction of huguenot churches and the closing of protestant schools

Answer 13

edict of fontainbleau

Question 14

England: The _____ in parliament, under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell, ended up defeating the less radical Calvinists, Scots, and Royalists.

Answer 14

puritans

Question 15

2nd Stuart king of England, Ruled from 1625- 1649. Like his father, he believed in divine right and absolutism. His disagreements with Parliament over the king’s power to tax and his attempts to make the Anglican Church more Catholic led to the English Civil War. He was beheaded in 1649 after being convicted of treason against the state.

Answer 15

Charles I

Question 16

The “Merry Monrach”, he was placed back on the throne of England during the Restoration in 1660 and would rule until 1685. Although he agreed to terms of Parliament to gain the throne, he worked to disenfranchise Puritans and ease restrictions on Catholicism.

Answer 16

Charles II

Question 17

Defended the Glorious Revolution. Wrote the Second Treatise of Civil Government. Came up with Social Contract theory.He denied the Divine Right of kings. Insisted that government’s only purpose was to protect life, liberty , and property. Said ultimate authority rested in the will of the men who owned property. His ideas later validated the American Revolution.

Answer 17

John Locke

Question 18

1689. Made England a constitutional monarchy. Signed by rulers William and Mary. They agreed not to raise a standing army or levy taxes without Parliament’s consent, Parliament had to meet at least once every three years, guaranteed free elections to Parliamentary seats, and the rulers agreed to to abide by Parliament’s decisions and not suspend any duly passed laws.

Answer 18

English Bill of rights

Question 19

Famous author of the Leviathan and staunch supporter of absolutism based on secular reasoning:

Answer 19

Thomas hobbes

Question 20

Hohenzollern family leader who laid the foundation for the Prussian state. He built a large and efficient standing army for defense of his small open territory

Answer 20

Frederick William the great elector

Question 21

Scottish king who became the first Stuart king of England after the death of Elizabeth I. As a believer in divine right and advocate of absolutism, he alienated Parliament. He also tried to make the Anglican Church more Catholic in ritual, which angered the Puritan majority. Ruled England from 1603- 1625.

Answer 21

James I

Question 22

1642- 1649. War between the forces of Parliament and the forces of the king. Ultimately, this war was over supremacy in government and whether or not the king could make the Anglican Church more Catholic. Parliament won and the king was executed.

Answer 22

English civil war

Question 23

Fiercely Puritan. Leader of the Roundheads. Led his New Model Army to victory in 1649. He led England from 1649- 1660. His reign was a dictatorship.

Answer 23

Oliver cromwell

Question 24

Radical religious revolutionaries; sought social and political reformers- a more egalitarian society. Demanded that Parliament meet every year, members be paid so all common people could participate, and that all male heads of households be allowed to vote.

Answer 24

levellers

Question 25

r. 1685-1688. Inherited the throne from his brother Charles II. Sought to return England to Catholicism. Forced to abdicate his throne by William of Orange and Mary, his daughter

Answer 25

James II

Question 26

1688-1689. Overthrew James II. There was no bloodshed. Orchestrated by Parliament. This established that there would be no absolutism in England.

Answer 26

glorious revolution

Question 27

Protestant Son- in- law and daughter of James II. Overthrew James II in the Glorious Revolution. Agreed to the Bill of Rights. Ruled England as joint sovereigns in a constitutional monarchy

Answer 27

William and mary

Question 28

Russia: ____ relocated the capital of Russia to the city of St. Petersburg. He also introduced many reforms, including the westernization of Russia, building of a naval fleet, state support for textile factories and iron mining, and the building of a port on the Baltic Sea.

Answer 28

peter the great

Question 29

also known as Huigh de Groot, achieved prominence as a Dutch jurist and statesman and is regarded as the originator of International Law.

Answer 29

hugo grotius

Question 30

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was a Dutch painter and etcher. He is generally considered one of the greatest painters and printmakers in European art and the most important in Dutch history. His contributions to art came in a period of great wealth and cultural achievement that historians call the Dutch Golden Age when Dutch Golden Age painting, although in many ways antithetical to the Baroque style that dominated Europe, was extremely prolific and innovative, and gave rise to important new genres in painting.

Answer 30

Rembrandt van rijn

Question 31

a period of European art that emerged from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520. It lasted until about 1580 in Italy, when the Baroque style began to replace it, but Northern _____ continued into the early 17th century.

Answer 31

mannerism

Question 32

• An actor and producer who received royal patronage for productions
• His historical plays focused entirely on the character of kings
• Exposed effects of bad traits in rulers
• Wrote Macbeth, The Tempest, Hamlet, Henry VI etc.
• Focused on the themes of patriotism and exposing human weakness
• Plays were viewed by all social classes

Answer 32

William shakespeare

Question 33

a Spanish novelist, poet, and playwright.

Answer 33

miguel cervantes

Question 34

was a Dutch Golden Age portrait painter who lived and worked in Haarlem. He is notable for his loose painterly brushwork, and he helped introduce this lively style of painting into Dutch art. Hals played an important role in the evolution of 17th-century group portraiture.

Answer 34

frans hals

Question 35

was a Dutch painter who specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle-class life. Vermeer was a moderately successful provincial genre painter in his lifetime. He evidently was not wealthy, leaving his wife and children in debt at his death, perhaps because he produced relatively few paintings.

Answer 35

jan vermeer

Question 36

a Spanish painter who was the leading artist in the court of King Philip IV and one of the most important painters of the Spanish Golden Age. He was an individualistic artist of the contemporary Baroque period, important as a portrait artist. In addition to numerous renditions of scenes of historical and cultural significance, he painted scores of portraits of the Spanish royal family, other notable European figures, and commoners, culminating in the production of his masterpiece Las Meninas.

Answer 36

diego velazquez

Question 37

was an Italian artist and a prominent architect who worked principally in Rome. He was the leading sculptor of his age, credited with creating the Baroque style of sculpture. In addition, he painted, wrote plays, and designed metalwork and stage sets.

Answer 37

gian Lorenzo bernini

Question 38

a Flemish Baroque painter. A proponent of an extravagant Baroque style that emphasized movement, colour, and sensuality, __ is well known for his Counter-Reformation altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and allegorical subjects.

Answer 38

peter paul rubens

Question 39

was an Italian Baroque painter, today considered one of the most accomplished painters in the generation following that of Caravaggio. In an era when women painters were not easily accepted by the artistic community or patrons, she was the first woman to become a member of the Accademia di Arte del Disegno in Florence.

Answer 39

Artemisia gentileschi

Question 40

was a French playwright and actor who is considered to be one of the greatest masters of comedy in Western literature. Among _____best known works are The Misanthrope, The School for Wives, Tartuffe, The Miser, The Imaginary Invalid, and The Bourgeois Gentleman.

Answer 40

moliere

Question 41

was a painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance. The nickname “El Greco” refers both to his Greek origin and Spanish citizenship. The artist normally signed his paintings with his full birth name in Greek letters

Answer 41

el Greco (domenikos theotokopoulos)