Chapter 13 (Reformation) Flashcards
Dutch Christian humanist, spent time in Holland, Central and Western Europe
- Wrote in Praise of Folly; criticized church and society (especially the corruption found in the church society
- did not advocate a break with the Catholic Church
- reconstructed the first complete ancient Greek Bible ever
- It was from this translation that Martin Luther and William Tyndale made their translations (within the next 20 years)
Desiderius Erasmus
A friend of Erasmus, he wrote the classical work Utopia. (1516)
-Was critical of many aspects of contemporary society and sought to depict a civilization in which political and economic injustices were limited by having all property held in common
Thomas Moore
1) People are justified by grace through faith. They cannot be saved by works or any endeavor, because we are all so inherently sinful
2) Priesthood of All Believers- All people are equally sinful, and equally saved.
3) Depravity of Mankind (primary), sovereignty of God (secondary)
4) Sola Scriptura (only follow the Scriptures)
*German Monk, not a humanist
Martin Luther
Swiss reformer in Zurich
-Beliefs were essentially the same as Luther
Ulrich Zwingli
95 Thesis
95 theses that lashed into the pope and the trade of indulgences
A meeting of the German nobility to decide the fate of Martin Luther
Diet of Worms
Holy Roman Emperor,
Politically; He wanted to maintain his dynastys control over his enormous empire
Religiously; he hoped to preserve the unity of the catholic faith throughout his empire
Charles V
An end to religious warfare in Germany came in 1555, which marked an important turning point in history of the Reformation. The division of Christianity was formally acknowledged, with Lutheranism granted equal legal standing with Catholicism. The peace settlement accepted the right of each German ruler to determine the religion of his subjects..
Peace of Augsburg
French Reformer in Geneva -> humanist perspective
- Absolute sovereignty of God (Primary)
- Mankind are sinners, and deserve eternal damnation
- God has chosen already who will go to heaven and who will go to hell. If you’re saved, right on. If not, well, you got what you deserved anyway.(Predestination)
- The end of man is to glorify God” (The purpose of man is to worship God)
John Calvin
“Baptized again”, negative term used to point out what made these people so different
-were voluntary associations of Christians that followed a couple rather distinct cocepts
Anabaptists
Translated the bible from Greek (think Erasmus) into English in the 1520s (before the break ever took effect). He’d translated the new testament, and was starting to translate the old testament when he ran up against the (catholic) Henry VIII and the Cardinal Wesley tried to destroy all of Tyndale’s first editions
William Tyndale
The 1549 Act of Uniformity (where parliament made the _____________ universal throughout England)
Book of Common Prayer
Never a physically healthy child, possible died of complications of a venereal disease contracted through childbirth. Most of his reign was under the regency of Thomas Cranmer (the archbishop of Canterbury) and his uncle; Edward Seymour
Edward VI
The archbishop of canterbury
Thomas Cranmer
was the chancellor-Cromwell had pushed for the break with Catholocism for many reasons. One was financial-If England were to break away from the Catholic Church, all of the massive lands held by the church (like the monastaries) would become the property of the king and the English government to Redistribute
-kings principal secretary after the fall of wolsey
Thomas Cromwell
became king and maintained his fathers policies to strengthen the crown
Henry VIII
Goal to return England to its Catholic roots. Her first acts as queen were to eliminate the book of the common prayer, the Act of supremacy, and to execute Thomas Cranmer (by burning him as a heretic)
Mary Tudor
The protestant reformation movement resulted in the great split in Western Christendom, which dethroned the pope as the single religious authority in Europe. Although it took several decades, eventually there was a Catholic Response to this challenge known as the ____
Catholic Reformation
was a soldier. He eventually left his career of soldiering and became a monk. He was able to start his own monastic order- for people that were completely and totally zealously devoted to the pope in 1534
Ignatius Loyola
Series of church councils that were supposed to deal with all of the problems going on in Christendom
Council of Trent
was a compiled list of all the books that a practicing catholic was not allowed to read (including the bible in vernacular, many books on science, philosophy, etc.) Needless to say, the moment any book made its way onto the index, it became a immediate best-seller
Index of Forbidden Books
religious reformers in England who hoped to cleanse the Church of England of any traces of Catholicism.
Puritan
a nun of the carmelite order, ___ experienced a variety of mystical visions that she claimed resulted in the ecstatic union of her soul with god
St. Teresa of Avila
Italian noblewoman who was queen of France from 1547 until 1559, as the wife or King Henry II
Catherine d Medici
French Calvanist
Huguenots
1572, the marriage of a protestant and Catholic ended in the massacre of Protestants
St.Bartholomews massacre
Title Henry of Navarre took when he converted to Catholocism and became king of France in 1594
Henry IV
law passed by French king Henry IV guaranteeing Huguenots the right to exist in France
Edict of Nantes
Spanish king as well as Holy Roman Empire (son of charles V) he was an ardent Catholic and fought protestants in England and the Holy Roman Empire
Philip II
British queen after Mary I whose Elizabethan compromise kept catholics and Protestants from fighting in England
Elizabeth
As a catholic she was forced to abdicate in favor of her son and fled to England where she was imprisoned by Elizabeth I; when Catholic supporters plotted to put her on the English throne she was tried and executed for sedition
Mary Stuart (Queen of Scots)
declaration by which the northern and southern provinces of the low countries put aside their religious difference and united against the spanish Habsburgs
Pacification of Ghent
