Chapter 15

Question 1

3 sites of insertion

Answer 1

1. Right internal jugular vein
2. Left subclavian vein
3. Femoral vein

Question 2

Pulmonary artery catheter

Answer 2

Directly measures: C.O., CVP, PAO, RAP, PAP, PAW, PCWP
Indirectly measures: SV, SVI, CI, PVR, SVR, RVSWI, LVSWI

Continuously monitors the pulmonary artery pressure

Question 3

CVP

Answer 3

0-8 mmHG

Question 4

RAP

Answer 4

0-8 mmHg L/min/m2

Question 5

PAP (right atrial pressure)

Answer 5

9-18 mmHg dynes x sec x cm5

Question 6

PCWP

Answer 6

4-12 mmHg dynes x sec x cm5

Question 7

CO/QT

Answer 7

4-8 mmHg L/min

Question 8

SV

Answer 8

60-130 ml

Question 9

CI

Answer 9

2.5-4.2 L/min

Question 10

PVR

Answer 10

20-120 dynes/sec/cm

Question 11

SVR

Answer 11

800-1500 dynes/sec/cm

Question 12

EF

Answer 12

50-75%

Question 13

Stroke Volume (SV)

Answer 13

SV = CO / HR

• vol of blood ejected by ventricles with each contraction
• major determinants: Preload (vol), Contractility (force), Afterload (resistance)
• change to ml

Question 14

Calculate: CI

Answer 14

CI = CO / BSA

Question 15

Calculate: PVR

Answer 15

PVR = PAP - PCWP / CO x 80

Question 16

Calculate: SVR

Answer 16

SVR = MAP - CVP / CO x 80

Question 17

Calculate: SVR

Answer 17

SVR = MAP - CVP / CO x 80

Question 18

What will increase and decrease PVR

Answer 18

Increase:

1. decrease PO2
2. increase PCO2
3. decrease pH
4. Drugs (Epinephrine)
5. Certain diseases or conditions

Decrease: oxygen, increase pulmonary pressure, lung vol change

Question 19

What factors increase C.O.

Answer 19

Positive inotropic drugs (increased contractility), decreased vascular resistance, abnormal conditions