Chapter 15 Flashcards
The level of fear you experience when anticipating or actually speaking to an audience
Public speaking apprehension
Anxiety we experience before giving the speech
Anticipation phase
The surge of anxiety we experience when beginning to deliver the speech
Confrontation phrase
The period during which our anxiety gradually decreases
Adaptation phase
Believing we must impress a hypercritical audience with our knowledge and delivery
Performance orientation
Seeing a speech situation as an opportunity to talk with a number of people about a topic that is important to the speaker and to them
Communication orientation
A method to reduce apprehension by developing a mental picture of yourself giving a masterful speech
Visualization
A method to reduce apprehension by gradually visualizing and then engaging in more frightening speaking events
Systematic desensitization
Replacing anxiety-arousing negative self talk with anxiety reducing positive self talk
Cognitive restructuring
The systematic teaching of the skills associated with preparing and delivering an effective public speech, with the intention of improving speaking competence and thereby reducing public speaking apprehension
Public speaking skills training
How a message is communicated orally and visually through the use of voice and body
Delivery
Presenting a speech so that your audience feels you are talking with them
Conversational style
A naturalness that seems unrehearsed and unmemorized
Spontaneity
Lively and dynamic
Animated
Understandable
Intelligible
Using the tongue, palate, teeth, jaw movement, and lips to shape vocalized sounds that combine to produce a word
Articulation
The form and accent of various syllables of a word
Pronunciation
The articulation, inflection, tone, and speech habits typical of the native speakers of a language
Accent
The contrast in pitch, volume, rate, and quality that affect the meaning an audience gets from the sentence you speak
Vocal expression
A voice in which the pitch, volume, and rate remain constant, with no word, idea, or sentence differing significantly from any other
Monotone
Moments of silence strategically used to enhance meaning
Pauses
Graceful and controlled use of the body
Poise
When speaking to large audiences, create a sense of looking listeners in the eye even though you actually cannot
Audience contact
Communicating through body language that you are personable and likeable
Nonverbal immediacy
Movement with a specific purpose
Motivated movement
A speech that is delivered with only seconds or minutes of advance notice for preparation
Impromptu speech
A speech that is prepared by creating a complete written manuscript and delivered by rote memory or by reading a written copy
Scripted speech
A speech that is researched and planned ahead of time, although the exact wording is not scripted and will vary from presentation to presentation
Extemporaneous speech
Practicing the presentation of your speech aloud
Rehearsing
Word or phrase outlines of your speech
Speaking notes
