Chapter 15 Flashcards
What is the section of the tower located above the feed tray called?
Rectifying or Enriching Section
What is the section of the tower located directly below the feed tray called?
Stripping Section
Describe how the liquid and vapor products on each tray in a tower could run countercurrent to each other
Vapor moving up the column while liquid moves down column
After the level builds up on a tray, it flows over the weir. Where does the liquid go when it flows over the weir?
To the tray below it
What kind of energy do molecules in motion have?
Kinetic Energy
What is the condensed gas taken from a distillation column called?
Overhead product
What is the bottoms product on a distillation column?
Residue, or the heavier components of the process
What is the term for the temperature at which liquid turns to gas?
Boiling Point
What two components does a distillation column balance?
Heat and Material
What is the incomplete separation of a chemical in a distillation column called?
Overlap
What is the condensed product that is pumped back to the top of a tray of a distillation column called?
Reflux
What device is designed to maintain the heat in a column?
Reboiler
Name three types of trays found in a distillation plate column.
Bubble cap
Sieve
Valve
What is heat that cannot be measured called?
Latent Heat
Name two types of distillation columns.
Packed and Plate
List four conditions that can affect temperature in a distillation colum.
Pressure Flow Rates Fluid Levels Feed Composition Reflux Rate Equipment Problems
Name three types of packing used in a distillation column.
Berl saddle Intalox saddle Rasching ring Cross-partition ring Flexring Sprial ring Mini-ring Sulzer packing
How do you break a flood in a distillation column?
Decrease the feed rate, reflux rate, or bottom temperature
Define temperature gradient
Progressively rising temperatures from the bottom of a distillation column to the top
Downspouts that allow liquid to drop down to lower trays in a column
Downcomer
The balance of the products (vapor and liquid) returned to the column from the kettle reboiler.
Boil-up Rate
Occurs when the vapor velocity is so high that liquid down flow in the tower is restricted. Liquid accumulates in the tower, differential pressure increases, and product separation is reduced.
Jet Flooding
Separation of two or more components through distillation.
Fractional Distillation
Excessive liquid flowing down a column blocks vapor flow up the column in one section.
Local Flooding
