Chapter 15 Flashcards
Content Bias
well prepared standardized tests is irregular in its occurance, and no common characteristics of items that are found to be biased can be ascertained by expert judges.
EX: multiple choice having 3 distractors and one correct answer. If distractors are to close to answer that is content bias.
Bias
in terms of tests and measurement bias is something systematic that distorts construct measurement or prediction by test scores of other important criteria.
EX: systematic error in a test score.
Or cultural bias (a test that asks about golf when you have never golfed)
Cultural Loading
degree of cultural specificity present in a test or Indivdual items of the test.
EX: a hispanic EL student being asked about golf when they have never heard of golf before.
Cultural Test Bias Hypothesis (CTBH)
holds that differences in mean test scores across gender or ethnic groups are due to artifacts of the test or measurement process and do not reflect real differences among groups on the constructs or dimensions purported to be measured.
Differential Predicitve Validity
Test measure constructs more accurately and make more valid predictions for individuals from the groups on which the tests are mainly based than for those from other groups.
EX: apitude tests are based on white middle class criteria
Mean Difference definition of test bias
is the most uniformly rejected of all definition of test bias by psyshometricians involved in investigating the problems of bias in assessment.
Bias in test content
item ask for information that minority or disadvantage have not had opportunity to learn
items require the child to use information in arriving at answer that minority or disadvantage have not had opportunity to learn.
Penalizes minority child because test author is white middle class orientation.
wording of questions is unfamiliar to minorities.
