Chapter 15

Question 0

Describes information about a performance that supplements sensory feedback and comes from a source external to the performer.

Answer 0

Augmented Feedback

Question 1

Anything giving you information about a task during or after.

Answer 1

Feedback

Question 2

What are the two types of augmented feedback?

Answer 2

1) Knowledge of Results

2) Knowledge of Performance

Question 3

Type of feedback that gives information about the outcome of an attempt to perform a skill.

Answer 3

Knowledge of Results (KR)

Question 4

Type of feedback that gives information about the movement characteristics that led to performance outcome.

Answer 4

Knowledge of Performance (KP)

Question 5

Giving someone their time in running is an example of which type of augmented feedback?

Answer 5

Knowledge of Results (KR)

Question 6

Telling someone they are going too slow or too fast is an example of which type of augmented feedback?

Answer 6

Knowledge of Performance (KP)

Question 7

In the context of providing augmented feedback, a range of acceptable performance error. Augmented feedback is given only when the amount of error is greater than this range.

Answer 7

Performance Bandwidth

Question 8

What are two roles that augmented feedback plays in skill acquisition?

Answer 8

1) facilitate achievement of the action goal of the skill

2) motivate the learner to continue striving toward a goal

Question 9

Name three reasons why augmented feedback can be essential for skill acquisition.

Answer 9

1) when critical sensory feedback is not available to the person and they need augmented feedback (ex: when a performer must hit a ball that they can’t see)
2) when someone has an injury or disease and does not have available the sensory pathways needed to detect task-intrinsic feedback for the skill he or she is learning
3) when the appropriate task-intrinsic feedback provided the necessary information and the person’s sensory system is capable of detecting it, but the person cannot use the feedback. Ex: not being able to tell how hard or fast you threw a ball because of inexperience

Question 10

Name two reasons why augmented feedback may not be necessary for skill acquisition.

Answer 10

1) some motor skills inherently provide sufficient feedback, so augmented feedback is redundant.
2) a motor skill that does not require augmented feedback to learn it has an important characteristic: a detectable external referent in the environment that the person can use to determine the appropriateness of an action.

Question 11

Name a reason why augmented feedback can enhance skill acquisition.

Answer 11

There are some types of motor skills they people can learn without augmented feedback, but they will learn them more quickly or perform them at a higher level if they receive augmented feedback during practice. It enhances the learning of these skills beyond what could be achieved without augmented feedback.

Question 12

Name a reason why augmented feedback can hinder skill learning.

Answer 12

When a beginning learner becomes dependent on augmented feedback that will not be available in a test situation.

Question 13

Augmented feedback that includes a numerical value related to the magnitude of a performance characteristic. Ex: the speed of a pitched baseball (numerical values used)

Answer 13

Quantitative Augmented Feedback

Question 14

Augmented feedback that is descriptive in nature (ex: using such terms as good, long), and indicates the quality of performance. No numerical values used.

Answer 14

Qualitative Augmented Feedback

Question 15

A verbal statement that describes only the error a person has made during the performance of a skill.

Answer 15

Descriptive KP

Question 16

A statement they describes errors made during the performance of a skill and states what needs to be done to correct them.

Answer 16

Prescriptive KP

Question 17

What are 5 reasons that KR is beneficial?

Answer 17

1) Learners often use KR to confirm their own assessments of the task-intrinsic feedback, even though it may be redundant with task-intrinsic feedback.
2) Learners may need KR because they cannot determine the outcome of performing a skill on the basis of the available task-intrinsic feedback.
3) Learners often use KR to motivate themselves to continue practicing the skill.
4) Providing only KR may help to establish and discovery learning practice environment in which learners are encouraged to engage in trial-and-error problem-solving activity as they acquire a skill.
5) Providing only KR may help to ensure that learners adopt an external focus of attention as they practice a skill.

Question 18

A type of augmented feedback that provides information about psychological processes through the use of instrumentation.

Answer 18

Biofeedback

Question 19

Augmented feedback that is provided while a person is performing a skill or making a movement.

Answer 19

Concurrent Augmented Feedback

Question 20

Augmented feedback that is provided after a person has completed the performance of a skill or a movement.

Answer 20

Terminal Augmented Feedback

Question 21

The interval of time between the completion of a movement and the presentation of augmented feedback.

Answer 21

KR-delay interval

Question 22

The amount of time between the presentation of augmented feedback and the beginning of the next trial.

Answer 22

Post-KR interval

Question 23

What is the sensory feedback that is naturally available while performing a skill?

Answer 23

Task-Intrinsic Feedback

Question 24

False information about performance that can hinder skill learning.

Answer 24

Erroneous Augmented Feedback