Chapter 15 Flashcards
• Conceptions of mental illness • Anxiety disorders • Mood disorders and suicide • Personality and dissociative disorders • Enigma of schizophrenia • Childhood disorders
What is mental illness?
Psychopathology - in-depth study of problems related to to mental health.
What is the “Failure analysis approach”?
Statistical rarity
Do all MI generate stress?
No
Does laziness = an impairment
What shapes our views on MI?
Societal disapproval
What causes Biological dysfunction?
Family resemblance view
What did people in the middle ages blame MI on?
THE DEMONIC MODEL: Evil spirits, witches, devil’s mark, etc.
What is the Medical Model?
Seeing MI as a physical disorder that needed treatment - like bloodletting and snake pits
T or F: The Moral Treatment created real, effective treatments for MI.
F: no effective treatments came from this.
What was a failure in the Modern Era?
People were released to the public without continued care, follow-ups and medication.
What countries believe in the culture-bound condition, Koro?
Malaysia & other Asian countries
T or F: schizophrenia,
alcoholism, psychopathy are more Westernized MIs.
F - they are universal across cultures
What are the 4 misconceptions about MI?
- Psychiatric diagnosis is nothing
more than pigeonholing - Psychiatric diagnoses are unreliable
- Psychiatric diagnoses are invalid
- Psychiatric diagnoses stigmatize
people
What is the DSM-5?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) on 5th edition:
A system that contains the criteria for mental disorders with 18 different classes
What can a thyroid condition simulate?
Depression
(medically induced conditions can simulate psychological disorders)
What does the DSM-5 have high levels of?
Comorbidity: 2 or more diagnosis within the same person
What is required for people not to know for the Insanity Defense?
- what they were doing at the time of the crime
- what they were doing was wrong
What’s a major myth about people with MI?
That they are more aggressive or violent
Can anyone be “involuntarily committed”?
No, they must post a clear and present threat to themselves or others and cannot care for themselves
What are some symptoms or Somatic symptom disorders?
Physical symptoms like nausea or shortness or breath that have psychological origins
Illness anxiety disorder
What % of the population is affected by Generalized anxiety disorder?
3%
How do panic attacks negatively affect someone’s daily life?
They come out of the blue, they can feel like a heart attack, you’ll fear for the next one
What is the most common anxiety disorder?
Phobias
What is OCD marked by and relieved by?
Marked by obsessions
Relieved by compulsions
What are the 3 explanations for Anxiety disorders?
- Learning models
2: Catastrophic thinking - Biological
What is the most common mood disorder?
Major Depressive Disorder
How long does the average Depressive Episode last?
6 months - 1 year
What are the 6 explanations for MDD?
- life events
- interpersonal model
- behavioural model
- cognitive model
- learned helplessness
- role of biology
What is the Cognitive triad?
Negative views of self, experience & future
How strong is the influence of genes on MDD?
Moderate
T or F: Bipolar disorder is equally common in men and women
True
Role of brain structures related to emotion (blank)
& planning (blank) in bipolar disorder
increase, decrease
T or F: As a severe depression lifts, people’s suicide risk
decreases.
False: As a severe depression lifts, the risk of suicide may
actually increase, in part because individuals possess
more energy to attempt the act
3 clusters of Personality disorders are:
Dramatic, erratic or emotion, anxious or fearful
What does BPD have instability in?
Mood, identity and impulse control
Psychopathic personality overlaps with ____ ____ disorder
Antisocial personality
What do people with psychopathic personality have a deficit in?
Fear
What’s under the umbrella of Dissociative Disorders?
Depersonalization disorder, dissociative amnesia, dissociative fugue
What is the criticism about posttraumatic model with DID?
Early abuse is not specific to DID
T or F: Treatment decreases the number of alters people see
False. Treatment often reinforces the idea that the person has alters
What are some symptoms of schizophrenia?
Disturbances in attention, thinking, language, emotion, and relationships.
A hallmark symptom is DELUSIONS
What is a hallucination?
Sensory perceptions that occur in the absence of external stimuli
How can families affect schizophrenia?
Through Expressed Emotion (criticism, hostility, over-involvement)
What are the brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia?
Enlarged ventricles
Increased sulci size
Hypofrontalitiy
T or F: Most anti-schizophrenia drugs block dopamine receptors, decreasing symptoms of the disorder
False
What’s a highly genetically influenced disorder?
Schizophrenia and/or ADHD
T or F: The rise in autism diagnosis after the 1990s is linked to MMR vaccines
False, research shows no link between vaccines and autism
What’s the ratio of male to females with ADHD?
3:1
What caused people to blame autism on vaccines?
Illusory correlation
