Chapter 14 Flashcards
■ Personality ■ Psychoanalytic theory ■ Behavioural and social learning theories ■ Humanistic models ■ Trait models ■ Personality assessment
What are predispostions?
Traits within an individual that influence how they respond to their environments
What did twin and adoptions study focus on proving?
The genetic and environmental influences on personality
What are the two approaches to studying personality?
Nomothetic approach
Ideographic approach
T or F: There is no link between personality and birth order.
True
What did Sigmund Freud develop?
The first comprehensive theory of personality
What conclusion helped create the Psychoanalytic Theory?
That many mental disorders were produced by psychological NOT physiological factors
What are the 3 primary assumptions of the Psychoanalytic Theory?
- psychic determinism
- symbolic meaning
- unconscious motivation
The ID (basic instincts), ego (the mediator) and superego (moral standards) make up what?
The structure of personality
What are some defense mechanisms used to minimize anxiety?
Repression, denial, projection, regression, reaction-formation, displacement, rationalization, sublimation
What is an erogenous zone?
Specific zones associated with heightened sensitivity and sexual stimulation
What are the two complexes associated with the Phallic stage?
Oedipus and Electra
What age range is the Latency stage?
6-12 years old
How do Neo-Freudians differ from Freud’s theories?
- Less emphasis on sexuality, more on
social drives - More optimistic about personal growth
Theorized by Alfred Adler, pampered or neglected by their parents are prone to (BLANK)
Inferiority Complex
What is a Collective Unconscious?
Our shared storehouse of memories that ancestors have passed down to us across generations
T or F: Women’s sense of inferiority stems from penis envy
False
What does BF Skinner believe personality is under control of?
Genetic factors and contingencies
What is reciprocal determinism?
Personality and cognitive factors, behaviour, and environmental variables mutually influence one another
What is self-actualization?
The drive to develop our innate potential to the fullest possible extent
What are Roger’s 3 components of personality?
The organism
The self
Conditions of Worth
T or F: Self-actualized people can come off as difficult to work with or aloof
True
What are some real-world behaviours that the Big Five can predict?
Job performance, grade levels, life span, etc.
Basic (BLANK) are underlying personality traits, characteristic (BLANK) are their behavioural manifestations
Tendencies, adaptations
