Chapter 14 Flashcards
■ Personality ■ Psychoanalytic theory ■ Behavioural and social learning theories ■ Humanistic models ■ Trait models ■ Personality assessment
What are predispostions?
Traits within an individual that influence how they respond to their environments
What did twin and adoptions study focus on proving?
The genetic and environmental influences on personality
What are the two approaches to studying personality?
Nomothetic approach
Ideographic approach
T or F: There is no link between personality and birth order.
True
What did Sigmund Freud develop?
The first comprehensive theory of personality
What conclusion helped create the Psychoanalytic Theory?
That many mental disorders were produced by psychological NOT physiological factors
What are the 3 primary assumptions of the Psychoanalytic Theory?
- psychic determinism
- symbolic meaning
- unconscious motivation
The ID (basic instincts), ego (the mediator) and superego (moral standards) make up what?
The structure of personality
What are some defense mechanisms used to minimize anxiety?
Repression, denial, projection, regression, reaction-formation, displacement, rationalization, sublimation
What is an erogenous zone?
Specific zones associated with heightened sensitivity and sexual stimulation
What are the two complexes associated with the Phallic stage?
Oedipus and Electra
What age range is the Latency stage?
6-12 years old
How do Neo-Freudians differ from Freud’s theories?
- Less emphasis on sexuality, more on
social drives - More optimistic about personal growth
Theorized by Alfred Adler, pampered or neglected by their parents are prone to (BLANK)
Inferiority Complex
What is a Collective Unconscious?
Our shared storehouse of memories that ancestors have passed down to us across generations
