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Physiology > Chapter 15 & 16 - Veins & Microcirculation Handout > Flashcards

Chapter 15 & 16 - Veins & Microcirculation Handout Flashcards

0
Q

Total amount of blood that can be stored in a given portion of circulation per ml of mercury rise in pressure.

A

Compliance

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1
Q

Ability of a certain vessel type to accomodate blood and change its caliber.

A

Distensibility

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2
Q

Mechanism that compensates when there is an increase in blood pressure volume

A

Stress Relaxation or Delayed Compliance

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3
Q

Pressure in the RA where blood from all peripheral veins empty

A

Central venous pressure (CVP) or R Atrial pressure

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4
Q

Two major factors that affects pulse pressure

A
  1. Stroke volume output of the heart.
  2. Compliance (total distensibility) of the atrial tree

Less important factor:
Character of ejection from the heart during systole

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5
Q

What is the normal value of the right atrial pressure?

A

0 mm Hg

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7
Q

Normal value of arterial pressure?

A

100 mm Hg

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8
Q

True or False:

The heart acts as a feedback regulator of pressure at the tricuspid valve.

A

True

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9
Q

True or False:

60% of all the blood in the circulatory system is usually in the arteries.

A

False.

usually in the VEINS

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10
Q

Korotkoff sounds is named after ______. A russian physician who described them in 1905.

A

Nikolai Korotkoff

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11
Q

It is the average ofthe arterial pressures measured millisecond by millisecond over a period of time.

A

Mean Arterial Pressure

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12
Q

Other name for venous pump

A

Muscle pump

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13
Q

True or False:

The venous system serves as blood reservoirs for the circulation.

A

True

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14
Q

Specific blood reservoirs

A

Spleen
Liver
Large abdominal veins
Venous plexus beneath the skin

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15
Q

A “specific blood reservoir” which decrease in size sufficiently to release as much as 100 millimeters of blood into other areas of circulation.

A

Spleen

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16
Q

True or False:

Heart and lungs as blood reservoirs.
The heart shrinks during sympathetic stimulation thus contribute 50-100 ml of blood, the lungs can contribute another 100-200 ml when the pulmonary pressures decrease to low values.

A

True

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17
Q

Two areas in the spleen for storing blood.

A
  1. Venous sinuses

2. Pulp

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18
Q

It is a special reservoir in the spleen that contains large quantities of concentrated red blood cells.

A

Red pulp of the spleen

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19
Q

An area in the spleen that manufacture lymphoid cells

A

White pulp of the spleen

20
Q

Main purpose of circulatory system

A
  1. Transport of nutrients to cell

2. Removal of cell excreta

21
Q

Intermittent flow of blood in the capillaries through the contraction of the metarteriole and precapillary sphincter.

A

Vasomotion

22
Q

What can pass through the tight junctions in the brain?

A

Only water, O2 and CO2

23
Q

True or False:

Blood usually does not flow continuously through the capillaries.

A

True

24
Q

Most important factor for degree of opening and closing in vasomotion.

A

Oxygen concentration.

Low o2 in tissues –> more frequent and prolonged flow of blood

25
Q

Lipid soluble (O2, CO2, etc) diffuse through _____.

A

Capillary wall

26
Q

Water-soluble substances (Na, Cl, glucose) pass through _____.

A

Cleft pore

27
Q

In the capillary wall, majority of transport happens in the _____.

A

Intercellular cleft

28
Q

In the capillary membrane,the most important means by which substances are transferred between the plasma and the interstitial fluid is ____.

A

Diffusion. Diffusion results from thermal motion of the water molecules amd dissolved substances in the fluid.

29
Q

2 small passages connecting the interior of capillary with the exterior

A
  1. Intercellular cleft

2. Plasmalemmal vesicles / calveolae

30
Q

What fraction of total body fluid does the interstitium take?

A

1/6

31
Q

In the capillary, diffusion results from ____ & ____.

A
  1. Thermal motion of water molecules

2. Dissolved substances in the fluid

32
Q

What determines fluid filtration across capillaries?

A
  1. Hydrostatic Pressure
  2. Colloid Osmotic Pressure
  3. Capillary Filtration Coefficient
33
Q

This normally prevents significant loss of fluid volume from blood into the interstitial spaces.

A

Colloid Osmotic Pressure (exerted by plasma proteins).

34
Q

Movement of fluid through capillary pores goes to interstitial fuid.

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

36
Q

Fluid movement by osmosis from interstitial spaces into blood.

A

Colloid Osmotic Pressure

38
Q

This system returns to the circulation the small amounts of excess protein & fluid leak from the blood into the interstitial spaces.

A

Lymphatic System

39
Q

Starling’s Forces:

This tends to force fluid outward through capillary membrane.

A

Capillary Pressure

40
Q

Starling’s Forces:

Tends to force fluid inward when Pif is (+)
and outward if Pif is (-)

A

Interstital Fluid Pressure

41
Q

Tends to cause osmosis of fluid inward through capillary membrane

A

Capillary Plasma Colloid Osmotic Pressure

42
Q

Tends to cause osmosis of fluid outward through capillary membrane

A

Interstitial fluid Colloid Osmotic Pressure

43
Q

If sum of starling’s forces is (-) there will be a net ____ from interstitial spaces into capillaries.

A

Fluid absorptiom

44
Q

If sum of starling’s forces is (+) there will be a net _____ across capillaries.

A

Fluid filtration

45
Q

Primary forces that determine whether fluid will move out of the blood into the interstitial fluid or in opposite direction.

A

Starlings’s forces

46
Q

Give the 4 Starling’s forces.

A
  1. Capillary Pressure (Pc)
  2. Interstitial Fluid Pressure (Pif)
  3. Capillary Plasma Colliod Osmotic Pressure (IIp)
  4. Interstitial Fluid Colloid Osmotic Pressure (IIif)
47
Q

Measure of capacity of the capillary membranes to filter water for a given Net Filtration Pressure.

A

Capillary Filtration Coefficient (Kf)

48
Q

2 primary factors that determine lymph flow

A
  1. Interstitial Fluid Pressure

2. Activity of Lymphatic Pump

Physiology (4 decks)

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